Characteristics Analysis and Operation Methods of Solar Energy - Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System

1 Introduction With the economic development and scientific and technological progress, energy and the environment have become two outstanding social problems in today's world. The energy currently consumed by human society, including construction energy, is mainly petrochemical energy such as coal, oil and natural gas. These energy sources have limited resources and can not be regenerated and will eventually be depleted. And traditional energy, like coal, oil, etc., can cause serious pollution to the environment. According to the statistics, the total energy utilization rate of China's energy system was only 30% in the 1980s, which is 20% lower than the advanced level in other countries [1]. And with the continuous improvement of living standards, people are increasingly demanding on the comfort of their living environment, resulting in an ever-increasing consumption of building energy. According to the statistics, building energy consumption accounts for 30% to 50% of the total social energy consumption. , So the application of solar-ground source heat pump air conditioning system in buildings will become one of the important measures for sustainable utilization of energy and energy conservation. 2 Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System 2.1 Ground Source Heat Pump Overview Ground source heat pump (Ground-Source Heat Pumps) is a use of underground shallow geothermal resources (including groundwater, soil or surface water, etc.), both heating and cooling Energy efficient device. During summer cooling, the earth serves as a heat rejection site and discharges indoor heat and compressor energy into the ground through the buried coil. The heat is then dissipated through the thermal conductivity of the soil and the migration of moisture in the soil. Winter heating, the earth as a low-temperature heat pump heat pump through the coil to obtain soil heat for indoor heating. Both heat exchangers can be used as both condenser and evaporator, but different functions due to different seasons. It can be seen that in geothermal heat pump air-conditioning system, since the heat removed from the earth in winter can be compensated in summer, the heat of the earth can be basically balanced. 2.2 ground source heat pump air conditioning system research status The history of ground source heat pump can be traced back to a patent in Switzerland in 1912, and the true significance of commercial applications of ground source heat pump only 10 years of history. In the United States, as of 1985 there were 14,000 ground-source heat pumps in the country, up from 45,000 in 1997 and 400,000 already so far, with steady growth of 10% annually. Ground-source heat pump systems in commercial buildings in the United States accounted for 19% of the total air-conditioners in 1998 [2]. In recent years, the ground-source heat pump industry in our country has started to take off and its momentum of development is promising. Tianjin University, Tsinghua University, Harbin Institute of Technology and Qingdao Institute of Construction and other institutions of ground source heat pumps, especially ground source heat pumps have conducted more in-depth research work for the ground source heat pump in our country's development laid the theoretical foundation. 2.3 The characteristics of ground source heat pump air conditioning system 2.3.1 The advantages of ground source heat pump air conditioning system As the ground source heat pump air conditioning system has taken a special heat exchange method so that it has the advantages of air source heat pump unparalleled: (1) energy efficient: As the ground source temperature remains constant throughout the year, and the winter temperature is higher than the ambient air temperature, summer air temperature is lower than ambient air, coupled with the heat capacity of water, heat pump unit high efficiency. According to the EPA of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the design and installation of a good ground source heat pump can save 30-40% of the operating costs of the heating and cooling air conditioner on average. (2) Significant environmental benefits: When the ground source heat pump system is heating in winter, No need for boilers or additional auxiliary heater, and ground source heat pump will be cold or heat into the earth, the human environment will not cause damage; (3) low operating costs: high efficiency of the system, the compressor low (4) low maintenance costs: a simple system makes the ground source heat pump system without special care, without the need for frequent maintenance; (5) to save space: due to ground source heat pump air conditioning system to take Heat or heat are dependent on the part of the underground coil, the ground does not affect the landscaping of landscaping; and does not require cooling towers and other outdoor heat exchange equipment to improve the building's external image; (6) Selection of a wide range of cold and heat source: Yes Use of solar energy, soil, groundwater and surface water resources, according to the actual situation of selection of cold and heat sources; (7) stable and reliable system operation, a multi-purpose machine: Temperature is relatively constant, making the heat pump operation more reliable and stable, but also ensure the system's efficiency and economy; and ground source heat pump system can be a multi-purpose machine, heating, air conditioning, but also for domestic hot water. 2.3.2 Existing Problems of Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System Although the ground source heat pump air conditioning system has been gradually applied to engineering practice, the system technology is still not perfect, so there are still some problems to be solved: (1) Equipment capacity problems: Due to the small thermal conductivity of soil, the area of ​​buried heat exchangers will be relatively large, and due to the restriction of specific conditions in all regions, the ground-source heat pump air-conditioning system alone can not meet the design requirements; (2) : The initial investment of ground-source heat pump not only includes the investment of pipeline and equipment on the ground needed by the traditional air-conditioning system, but also includes the investment of the buried coil and the investment of the buried coil. (3) The recovery of the soil temperature field: With the ground source heat pump air conditioning system alone heating or cooling run time extension, the soil temperature field can not be restored for a long time, the system will not be able to meet the building's cooling and heating load requirements; especially for large and small heating and cooling load Of the area, taking too much heat from the ground or excessive cooling to the ground, perennial operation will have an impact on the underground temperature field; (4) maintenance inconvenience: once (5) Design Problem: Due to the fact that there is no mature theory about the heat transfer model of underground heat exchangers in ground source heat pump, the heat transfer mechanism of each research institute to the underground part Still in the exploratory stage, so the design of the buried coil mainly depends on the empirical data, and the distribution of the underground temperature is different due to the geological conditions in various regions, so that there is no reliable theoretical basis for the design. (6) Pollution : Geothermal resources mainly include groundwater, soil or surface water, which will cause more or less pollution to the utilization. In particular, the pollution of groundwater bodies is more prominent. Once the groundwater body is polluted, the recovery period will be relatively long (according to different regions , Different geological conditions in stopping the recovery after about 1 to 2 years). 3 solar - ground source heat pump air conditioning system 3.1 ground source heat pump air conditioning system to introduce solar energy as an auxiliary heat source in northern China, the building in winter heat load is larger, so the system design mainly to heat load. If the full use of ground source heat pump for heating, then the geothermal heat exchangers and units of the initial investment is relatively high, continuous operation is also less efficient. In summer operation, the unit capacity is too large, resulting in waste. And because these areas take more heat from the earth in winter than in summer, the long-term operation will cause the temperature of the earth to decrease, the COP value of the heat pump system will be relatively low, and the system will not be able to meet the design requirements and the energy-saving effect of the heat pump will not be realized. The use of solar energy as an auxiliary heat source, so that the heat pump system can be designed according to summer conditions, by the solar collector to bear part of the heat load, which will greatly reduce the initial investment in the ground source. 3.2 Feasibility of solar energy as an auxiliary heat source China has abundant solar energy resources (see Table 1). According to statistics, the total amount of solar radiation received by China on land each year equals to 2.4 trillion tons of standard coal. The annual sunshine time in 2/3 of the total area in the country exceeds 2000 hours, especially in some areas in the northwest over 3000 hours. This is the case in heat pump systems The use of solar energy provides a valuable resource. And solar energy is inexhaustible green energy, is not controlled and monopolized by anyone, its use is also more flexible, the scale can be large or small. However, solar energy also has two main disadvantages: first, low energy density; and second, its intensity can not be maintained under the influence of various factors (season, location, climate, etc.). These two major shortcomings greatly limit the effective use of solar energy. However, with the continuous improvement of science and technology, people will continue to use solar energy technology maturely, so that solar energy will be gradually applied to heating and cooling systems in buildings to improve human living environment instead of the current primary petrochemical energy Become one of the important energy sources of this century. Solar energy resources in China Table 1 Types of regions Year Number of sunshine hours (h) Solar energy accepted (kcal / cm2. Year) Standard coal equivalent (kg / m2. Year) 1 Northern Ningxia, northern Gansu, southeastern Xinjiang, western Qinghai, Tibet Western 2800 ~ 3300 160 ~ 240 225 ~ 335 2 Northwest Hebei, northern Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, southern Ningxia, central Gansu, eastern Qinghai, southeastern Tibet, southern Xinjiang 3000 ~ 3200. gunsq1 li {display: block; float: left ; width: 200px; overflow: hidden;} [Buy] Fire Pump, Spray Pump, Sewage Pump [Buy] Bearing Accessories [Buy] Air Lock Valve [Buy] Signal Amplifier [Buy] Valve [Buy] Centrifugal Pump [Buy] Vertical multi-stage pump [Buy] Cylinder [Procurement] Speed ​​?? 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Slide ({}); $ (document) .ready (function $ (". fdtab"). addClass ('hd'); // $ (".) $ (". conbtn0"). mouseenter (function () {$ (". fdcont"). toggleClass ('fdoff'); $ (". fdtabh"). toggle ('hd'); .show (); // $(".fdon") .addClass('fdoff '); $ (". fdtabh"). hide (); $ (". showbtn0"). addClass (' on '); $ (".showbtn0"). siblings (). removeClass ('on'); $ (". ulbtn0"). show (".conbtn1"). mouseenter (function () {$ (". fdcont"). show (); //$(".fdon").addClass('fdoff '); $ (". fdtabh"). hide (); $ (". showbtn $ (". Ulbtn1"). Show (); $ (". Ulbtn1"). AddClass ('on'); $ (". Showbtn1"). Siblings (). RemoveClass ('on'); $ (". fdon"). addClass ('siblings (). hide ();}); $ (". conbtn2" $ (". showbtn2"). siblings (). removeClass ('on'); $ (". fdtab ' $ (". ulbtn2"). show (); $ (". ulbtn2"). siblings (). hide ();}); $ (". conbtn3"). mouseenter (function $ (". showbtn3"). addClass ('on'); .show (); // $(".fdon").toggleClass('fdoff ' $ (". showbtn3"). siblings (). hideC ('on'); $ (". ulbtn3"). show $ (". bottomfd"). mouseleave (function () {$ (". fdcont"). hide (); $ (". fdtabh"). show (); //$(".fdon").removeClass ('fdoff');}); / * liuti System Legacy Ads at the bottom of the legacy page created in 2018/1/19 * / var cpro_id = "u3190860"; / * liuti Legacy Ads at the bottom of the legacy page were created in 2018 / 1/19 * / var cpro_id = "u3190860"; precision procurement | efficient buyers settled in I want to buy to find suppliers to find products commissioned mining Supply of quality | Massive suppliers who settled in procurement? 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