1. Prepare before breeding
(1) Nursery Facilities
Winter and spring seedlings should be carried out in plastic greenhouses or multi-span greenhouses. Lay a thick plastic film on the bed or set up a seedling bed frame in the shed.
(2) Plug
A 54 cm x 28 cm, 32 hole (4 x 8) tray was used. When using old trays, the trays should be cleaned, rinsed, aired and disinfected.
(3) Matrix
Self-matching seedling organic substrate: grass charcoal, vermiculite and perlite can be mixed in a ratio of 3:1:1, and appropriate amount of compound fertilizer is added per cubic meter. 1 cubic meter of matrix was added to carbendazim 50% wettable powder 150g or methyl thiophanate 70% wettable powder 150g stirring and disinfection. The prepared substrate has a water holding capacity of about 65%, which is in a state of being hand-held and loose. Commodity Matrix: A tray seedling substrate purchased from a matrix manufacturer.
2, loading and sowing
(1) Loading
Pour the prepared substrate into the tray, scrape it from the side of the tray to the other side with a wooden strip, so that each hole is filled with the matrix, put 4-5 trays vertically, and put a top on top. In the empty plate, the handcuffs are pressed down evenly, and then the trays are placed neatly on the nursery bed, so that the boundaries of the respective cells are clearly visible after the substrate is loaded.
(2) Seed Treatment
Put the seeds into warm water of 50-60 ° C, stir the seeds for 20 minutes, stop the stirring after the water temperature drops to room temperature, then soak for 8-10 hours in water, rinse off the granules, rinse with water and filter off the water, then germination The germination temperature is controlled at around 25 °C.
(3) Sowing
When more than 70% of the germination seeds are exposed, they can be sown. Press 0.5-1 cm deep in the center of each well, place the seeds flat into the wells, one for each hole, and cover the seeds with a small matrix. Drain the tray onto the seedbed or bed frame, spray water to the bottom of the tray to seep out the water, and then cover the hole with a layer of mulch, and at the same time, cover the small arch shed.
3, seedbed management
(1) Temperature management. Before emergence, the greenhouse is sealed to increase the temperature inside the shed, and the seeds are promoted as soon as possible. When 60% of the seed cotyledons are unearthed, the floating mulch should be removed in time. At the same time, the door and the plastic film on both sides of the shed are opened to reduce the temperature of the greenhouse to 25-30 °C. After the seedlings are ready, the temperature should be controlled at around 25 °C during the day and 15-18 °C at night. If the seedlings have a "cap" when they are unearthed, they can be removed manually in the morning when the humidity is high and the seed shell is soft.
(2) Lighting management. Continuous low temperature, rainy and snowy days, the light can be supplemented by means of a reflective screen and an incandescent light.
(3) Water management. In the early spring, the weather is cloudy and the temperature and humidity are very different. When the weather is fine and the temperature is high, it is necessary to pay attention to timely hydration. Generally, when the surface of the substrate is whitish, it needs to be replenished, and the water is sprayed 1-2 times a day depending on the situation. When the cold wave invades and the rain is heavy, the water should be strictly controlled, depending on the situation, or not drenched. If the weather is sunny, the temperature in the shed rises rapidly, and when the ground temperature is relatively low, the seedlings are prone to physiological water shortage and the leaves are wilting. At this time, the leaf surface spray should be used to replenish moisture, and appropriate shading, film ventilation Cool down, relieve the wilting, and promote the normal growth of the seedlings.
(4) Pest control. The main pests and diseases are rickets, blight, and mites. Physical control: Yellow plate traps aphids. Yellow beetle boards or yellow slats (25 cm × 40 cm) were hanged in the field, and 1 layer of engine oil was applied to them, and 30-40 pieces per acre were suspended. The middle and small sheds cover the silver-gray mulch to repel the mites. Chemical control: çŒ ç—… å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰ å¯é€‰The aphids can be sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000-3000 times or 10% imidacloprid wet powder 2000-3000 times.
4, refining seedlings and transplanting
After "two leaves and one heart", pay attention to timely ventilation and light transmission to reduce the temperature and humidity inside the shed. Gradually reduce the temperature of the seedbed 7-10 days before planting, gradually open the film around the greenhouse, and pay attention to not excessive when refining. The seedlings after refining should be transplanted to the field in time. Due to the different growth and development characteristics of different melons and different environmental requirements, the suitable seedling age requirements are also different. The details are as follows: cucumber seedling age 30-35 days, 3-4 true leaves; wax gourd seedling age 30-35 days, 3-4 true leaves; pumpkin seedling age 20-25 days, true leaves 3-4 pieces; Seedling age 20-25 days, true leaves 2-3 tablets; loofah seedling age 20-25 days, true leaves 2-3 tablets.
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