Granite is a versatile and widely used natural stone, known for its diverse composition and structural characteristics. It can be classified in various ways based on its mineral content, texture, and other properties. For instance, it may include black granite, muscovite granite, hornblende granite, or two-mica granite depending on the minerals present. In terms of structure, it can be fine-grained, medium-grained, coarse-grained, porphyritic, platy, crystalline, or granitic. Additionally, some varieties contain specific minerals like cassiterite, strontium-bearing iron ore, lithium mica, or tourmaline.
Granite is characterized by its dense structure, high compressive strength, low water absorption, and excellent chemical stability. Its surface hardness is notable, making it durable and resistant to wear. However, it has poor fire resistance. The grain size varies from fine to coarse, with small gaps between particles, resulting in a low porosity (typically 0.3%–0.7%) and minimal water absorption (around 0.15%–0.46%). This makes granite highly resistant to freezing and thawing cycles.
On the Mohs scale, granite typically ranks around 6, and its density ranges from 2.63 g/cm³ to 2.75 g/cm³. Compressive strength can reach up to 300 MPa in fine-grained varieties, while tensile strength is generally between 10–30 MPa. Granite often occurs as massive rock formations, such as foundations, blocks, or veins, and is influenced by regional geological structures. These formations are usually large in scale and widely distributed, making it easy to extract and process into large, uniform pieces.
Its regular joint development supports the production of well-shaped building stones. Granite is also resistant to weathering, making it ideal for outdoor applications. It features a consistent texture and comes in a wide range of colors, including red, white, yellow, green, black, purple, brown, beige, and blue. Despite its color variation, granite maintains stable hues over time, making it suitable for large-scale use in architecture and design.
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