Granite is a versatile and widely used natural stone, known for its unique composition and diverse properties. Due to the complex formation process involving various minerals, granite comes in numerous types. Based on mineral content, it can be classified into black granite, muscovite granite, hornblende granite, and two-mica granite. Depending on its structural characteristics, it can also be categorized as fine-grained, medium-grained, coarse-grained, porphyritic, plate-like, crystalline, or granitic granite. Additionally, based on trace minerals, it may contain cassiterite, strontium-bearing iron ore, lithium mica, tourmaline, and more. Common petrochemical processes include long-petrochemical, Yunying lithification, and other forms of self-metamorphism.
The structure of granite is dense, offering high compressive strength, low water absorption, and excellent surface hardness. It is chemically stable and durable, though it has limited fire resistance. Granite typically exhibits a granular texture, with grain sizes ranging from fine to coarse, or even a plate-like structure. Its particles are uniformly distributed, resulting in small gaps (porosity generally between 0.3% and 0.7%) and a low water absorption rate (typically 0.15% to 0.46%). This makes it highly resistant to freezing and thawing cycles.
With a Mohs hardness of around 6 and a density ranging from 2.63 g/cm³ to 2.75 g/cm³, granite has impressive mechanical properties. Its compressive strength can reach up to 100–300 MPa, with fine-grained varieties often exceeding 300 MPa. It is commonly found in large rock formations such as foundations, outcrops, and blocks, influenced by regional geological structures. These formations are usually extensive and widespread, making granite easy to extract and suitable for producing large-sized stone materials.
The regular joint development of granite allows for the extraction of stones with predictable shapes, which is beneficial for construction and design applications. Granite has a high resistance to weathering, making it ideal for outdoor use as a decorative material. Its uniform texture and wide range of colors—ranging from light tones like white and beige to deeper shades such as red, green, black, purple, and blue—make it a popular choice for large-scale installations. The color stability of granite ensures that it maintains its appearance over time, making it a reliable and aesthetically pleasing option for both interior and exterior applications.
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