Shanghai Yanjiang International Trade Co., Ltd. offers a wide range of steel products, which can be categorized into four main groups: profiles, plates, pipes, and metal products. To streamline procurement, ordering, and management, China has classified steel into sixteen distinct types, each with its own specifications and applications.
### Steel Classification by Type
| **Category** | **Variety** | **Description** |
|--------------|-------------|-----------------|
| **Profile** | Heavy rail | Rails weighing over 30 kg/m (including crane rails) |
| **Light Rail** | Rails weighing ≤30 kg/m | |
| **Large Section Steel** | Round bars, square bars, flat bars, hexagonal bars, I-beams, channel sections, equal and unequal angle steels, rebar | Divided into large, medium, and small based on size |
| **Medium Steel** | - | - |
| **Small Section Steel** | - | - |
| **Wire** | Round steel and wire rods with diameter 5–10 mm | |
| **Cold-formed Steel** | Profiled steel formed by cold bending | |
| **High-quality Profiles** | High-quality round bars, square bars, flat bars, etc. | |
| **Other Steel** | Includes heavy rail accessories, axle blanks, tires, etc. | |
| **Plate** | **Sheet Steel** | Steel plate with thickness ≤4 mm |
| **Thick Steel Plate** | Steel plates with thickness >4 mm | Divided into middle (4–20 mm), thick (20–60 mm), and extra thick (>60 mm) |
| **Steel Strip** | Also called strip steel | A long, narrow rolled sheet of steel |
| **Electrician Silicon Steel Sheet** | Also known as silicon steel sheet | |
| **Pipe** | **Seamless Steel Pipe** | Produced without joints via hot rolling, cold drawing, or extrusion |
| **Welded Steel Pipe** | Formed by crimping and welding a steel strip or pipe | |
| **Metal Products** | Steel wire, steel wire rope, etc. | |
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### 1. Classification of Profiles
#### Simple Section Steels
- Square steel: Hot-rolled, cold-drawn
- Round steel: Hot-rolled, forged, cold-drawn
- Wire, flat steel, spring flat steel, angle steel (equal and unequal), triangular steel, hexagonal steel, bow steel, elliptical steel
#### Complex Section Steels
- I-beams (ordinary, light), channel steel (hot-rolled, curved), H-sections, steel rails (heavy, light, crane), window frame steel, steel sheet piles, curved steel (cold or hot formed), and other special shapes
---
### 2. Large, Medium, and Small Sections
| **Section** | **Large** | **Medium** | **Small** |
|-------------|-----------|------------|-----------|
| **I-beam** | Height ≥180mm | Height <180mm | - |
| **Channel steel** | Height ≥180mm | Height <180mm | - |
| **Equal angle steel** | Side width ≥160mm | 50–140mm | 20–45mm |
| **Unequal angle steel** | ≥160×100mm | 140×90–50×32mm | ≤45×28mm |
| **Round steel** | Diameter ≥90mm | 38–80mm | 10–36mm |
| **Square steel** | Side width ≥90mm | 50–75mm | 10–25mm |
| **Flat steel** | Width ≥120mm | 60–100mm | 12–55mm |
| **Rebar** | Diameter ≥40mm | 10–36mm | - |
| **Rivet steel** | - | - | 10–22mm |
| **Others** | Track shoes, steel sheet piles | Agricultural steel, window frame steel | Shaped steel, composite flat steel |
---
### 3. Hot-Rolled Ribbed Steel
#### Grades:
- HRB335 (old grade 20MnSi)
- HRB400 (old grades 20MnSiV, 20MnSiNb, 20MnTi)
- HRB500
#### Vanadium-Containing Grade III Rebars:
These rebars are alloyed with vanadium, niobium, and titanium, offering higher strength, better toughness, and improved seismic performance. They are widely used in high-rise buildings, bridges, and power stations. The Chinese government promotes their use to meet modern construction standards.
**Advantages:**
- **Economy:** Save 10–15% steel compared to Grade II.
- **Strength & Toughness:** Yield point ≥400MPa, tensile strength ≥570MPa.
- **Seismic Performance:** Better bending resistance and fatigue performance.
- **Weldability:** Low carbon content (≤0.54%) ensures good weldability.
- **Construction Efficiency:** Increases construction clearance and reduces costs.
---
### 4. Hot-Rolled H-Beams
H-beams are divided into three types: wide flange (HK), narrow flange (HZ), and standard (HU). They are expressed as height × width × web thickness × flange thickness, e.g., H-shaped steel Q235, SS400 200 × 200 × 8 × 12.
**Advantages:**
- High section modulus, lightweight, and material-saving.
- Parallel legs allow for easier assembly and reduce welding work by up to 25%.
- Commonly used in large buildings, bridges, ships, and machinery.
---
### 5. Cold-Formed Steel
Cold-formed steel is an economical thin-walled steel product. It is produced from hot-rolled or cold-rolled strips and offers several benefits:
- **Material Efficiency:** Saves 38–50% metal compared to hot-rolled steel.
- **Versatility:** Can produce complex cross-sections not possible with traditional methods.
- **Surface Quality:** Smooth surface, accurate dimensions, and flexible length options.
- **Applications:** Used in mining, construction, agriculture, transportation, and more.
Common types include cold-formed channel steel, Z-shaped steel, corrugated steel plates, and square/rectangular tubes.
---
### 6. Length and Size Specifications
- **Fixed Length:** Cut to exact customer requirements.
- **Normal Length:** Within the standard range without fixed size.
- **Multiple Length:** Cut into multiples of the required length.
- **Short Length:** Less than the lower limit of normal length but above the minimum allowed.
- **Narrow Gauge:** Narrower than the standard width but within allowable limits.
**Examples:**
- Train tracks: 12.5m or 25m
- Round steel: Measured by diameter (mm)
- I-beams: Measured by waist height, leg width, and thickness
- Pipes: Measured by outer diameter, wall thickness, and inner diameter
---
### 7. Weight and Measurement
- **Theoretical Weight:** Calculated using nominal size and density.
- **Actual Weight:** Determined by direct weighing.
- **Gross Weight vs. Net Weight:** Gross includes packaging; net is the actual weight of the steel.
- **Tare Weight:** Weight of the packaging materials.
- **Billable Weight:** Used for freight calculation, often based on gross weight.
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In conclusion, understanding the classification, specifications, and properties of different steel types is essential for efficient procurement and application in construction and manufacturing. Whether it's for structural support, piping systems, or industrial equipment, choosing the right type of steel ensures safety, cost-effectiveness, and performance.
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