Metal products four categories - steel knowledge

Shanghai Yanjiang International Trade Co., Ltd. categorizes steel into four main types based on shape: profiles, plates, pipes, and metal products. To streamline procurement, ordering, and management, China has further divided steel into 16 different varieties. Below is a detailed breakdown of these categories: **Steel Classification Table** | **Category** | **Variety** | **Description** | |--------------|-------------|-----------------| | **Profile** | Heavy rail | Rails weighing more than 30 kg/m (including crane rails) | | **Light Rail** | Rails weighing less than or equal to 30 kg/m | | | **Large Section Steel** | Includes round bars, square bars, flat bars, hexagonal bars, I-beams, channel steels, angle steels, and rebars. Divided into large, medium, and small sections by size. | | | **Medium Steel** | - | | | **Small Section Steel** | - | | | **Wire** | Round steel and wire rods with diameters between 5–10 mm | | | **Cold-formed Steel** | Profiled steel formed by cold bending of steel or steel strip | | | **High-quality Profiles** | High-quality round bars, square bars, flat bars, etc. | | | **Other Steel** | Includes heavy rail accessories, axle blanks, wheels, etc. | | | **Plate** | Sheet steel | Thickness ≤ 4 mm | | **Thick Steel Plate** | Thickness > 4 mm. Divided into middle plate (4–20 mm), thick plate (20–60 mm), and extra thick plate (>60 mm) | | | **Steel Strip** | A long, narrow rolled sheet of steel | | | **Electrician Silicon Steel Sheet** | Also known as silicon steel sheet | | | **Pipe** | Seamless steel pipe | Produced through hot rolling, cold drawing, or extrusion without joints | | | **Welded Steel Pipe** | Formed by crimping and welding a steel strip or pipe | | | **Metal Products** | Includes steel wire, steel cables, and other related products | | --- ### **Classification of Profiles** #### **Simple Section Steel** - Square steel: Hot-rolled or cold-drawn - Round steel: Hot-rolled, forged, or cold-drawn - Wire - Flat steel - Spring flat steel - Angle steel: Equal or unequal - Triangular steel - Hexagonal steel - Bow steel - Elliptical steel #### **Complex Section Steel** - I-beam: Ordinary or light - Channel steel: Hot-rolled or curved - H-beam: Wide-flange or standard - Steel rails: Heavy, light, or crane rails - Window frame steel - Steel sheet piles - Curved steel: Cold-formed or hot-formed - Other special shapes --- ### **Division of Large, Medium, and Small Sections** | **Section Type** | **Large** | **Medium** | **Small** | |------------------|-----------|------------|-----------| | I-beam | Height ≥ 180 mm | Height < 180 mm | - | | Channel steel | Height ≥ 180 mm | Height < 180 mm | - | | Equal angle steel | Side width ≥ 160 mm | 50–140 mm | 20–45 mm | | Unequal angle steel | 160×100 mm | 140×90–50×32 mm | ≤45×28 mm | | Round steel | Diameter ≥ 90 mm | 38–80 mm | 10–36 mm | | Square steel | Side width ≥ 90 mm | 50–75 mm | 10–25 mm | | Flat steel | Width ≥ 120 mm | 60–100 mm | 12–55 mm | | Rebar | - | Diameter ≥ 40 mm | 10–36 mm | | Rivet steel | - | - | 10–22 mm | | Other | Track shoes, sheet piles | Farm tools, composite flat steel | Window frame steel, agricultural steel | --- ### **Hot-Rolled Ribbed Steel** #### **Types and Specifications** - HRB335 (old grade 20MnSi) - HRB400 (old grades 20MnSiV, 20MnSiNb, 20MnTi) - HRB500 Vanadium-containing Grade III rebar offers improved strength, toughness, and seismic performance. It is widely used in high-rise buildings, bridges, and infrastructure projects. The Chinese government encourages its use, aiming for 80% of rebar to be Grade III by the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan. #### **Advantages** - **Economic**: Saves 10–15% steel compared to Grade II - **High Strength**: Yield point over 400MPa, tensile strength over 570MPa - **Seismic Performance**: Better bending resistance and fatigue performance - **Weldability**: Low carbon content ensures good weldability - **Construction Efficiency**: Improves construction clearance and quality --- ### **Hot-Rolled H-Beams** H-beams are categorized into wide flange (HK), narrow flange (HZ), and standard (HU). They are expressed as height × width × web thickness × flange thickness (e.g., 200×200×8×12). #### **Benefits** - **Economical**: Larger section modulus and lighter weight - **Structural Efficiency**: Reduces structure by 30–40% - **Ease of Assembly**: Parallel legs reduce welding and riveting work by 25% --- ### **Cold-Formed Steel** Cold-formed steel is a thin-walled, economical material made from hot-rolled or cold-rolled strips. It is ideal for complex cross-sections and can be tailored for specific applications. #### **Features** - **Material Saving**: Up to 50% less metal compared to hot-rolled steel - **Versatility**: Can produce various shapes and sizes - **Surface Quality**: Smooth, accurate dimensions, and customizable lengths - **Production Flexibility**: Can be combined with punching and other processes Used in mining, construction, agriculture, transportation, and more. --- ### **Steel Length and Measurement** The length of steel is a fundamental dimension, measured in meters, centimeters, millimeters, or inches. Key classifications include: - **Fixed Length**: Cut to a specific size as per order - **Normal Length**: Within a specified range - **Multiple Length**: Cut into multiples of a base length - **Short Length**: Less than the minimum normal length but above the shortest allowed - **Narrow Gauge**: Less than the minimum width but above the narrowest allowed Examples: - Train tracks: 12.5m or 25m - Round steel: Measured by diameter (mm) - I-beam: Measured by waist height, leg width, and thickness - Steel pipes: Measured by outer diameter, wall thickness, and inner diameter --- ### **Steel Weight** - **Theoretical Weight**: Calculated using nominal size and density - **Actual Weight**: Determined by actual weighing - **Net Weight**: Total weight minus packaging - **Gross Weight**: Total weight including packaging - **Tare Weight**: Weight of packaging materials - **Billable Weight**: Used for freight calculation Steel weight units include tons (metric), long tons (UK), and short tons (US). --- This comprehensive guide covers the classification, properties, and applications of various types of steel used in construction and industrial sectors. Whether you're looking for structural support, piping systems, or precision components, understanding these categories helps in making informed decisions.

Transmission Hardware Fitting

Transmission hardware fittings are components used in the construction and maintenance of transmission lines for electricity or telecommunications. These fittings are designed to connect, support, and secure the different parts of the transmission line, ensuring proper functioning and reliability.

Some common types of transmission hardware fittings include:
Suspension Clamps: Used to hang the conductors from the transmission towers, providing support and preventing sagging.
Dead-end Clamps: Used to terminate the conductors at the ends of the transmission line, providing support and preventing them from slipping.
Splice Sleeves: Used to join two conductors together, ensuring a secure and conductive connection.
Insulators: Used to electrically isolate the conductors from the transmission towers, preventing electrical leakage and ensuring proper insulation.
Guy Wire Fittings: Used to secure and stabilize the transmission towers, preventing them from swaying or collapsing.
Connectors: Used to connect different components of the transmission line, such as conductors, insulators, and fittings, ensuring a secure and reliable connection.

Yokelink supply a full line of Tower hardwares, , provide part number to get a quote on these products, leave your message, or send us an email to get answers for your questions or product you needed.

Socket Eyes are used for connecting conductor clamping devices to ball and socket type insulators. Made by malleable iron, hot dip galvanized to meet ASTM A153 specification.

Ball Eyes are used to attach ball and socket insulators to other associated hardware. Hot dip galvanized to meet ASTM A153 specification.

Thimble Cleivs are used for attaching guy to pole eye plate. Hot dip galvanized to meet ASTM A153 specification.

Turnbuckles are used as adjustable extension links to maintain proper tower clearance on assemblies at tower end.

Strain Clamp used for distribution and transmission line construction with all aluminum ACSR, or aluminum alloy conductor.

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