Electric rice cookers typically use two main types of heating elements: electric heating tubes and PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) materials. The electric heating tube is known for its excellent insulation, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, making it durable and efficient. On the other hand, the PTC heating plate offers a unique advantage with its positive temperature coefficient property, which allows it to automatically regulate temperature and maintain safety without an open flame. This makes it ideal for energy-efficient and safe cooking.
These rice cookers are designed with high safety standards and feature a fast heating process that remains stable even when there are minor power fluctuations. This reliability ensures consistent performance in different environments.
The temperature control systems in rice cookers can be either bimetallic or magnetic. While both serve the purpose, the magnetic material system is generally considered more reliable and safer in operation. Rice cookers come in different structural designs, such as combined-type and monolithic-type pots. They also vary based on internal pressure levels—low-pressure (0.04 MPa), medium-pressure (0.1 MPa), and high-pressure (0.15–0.2 MPa). Additionally, they can heat food directly or indirectly, depending on the model and design.
Rice cooker technology has evolved significantly since the 1950s. By the mid-1980s, these appliances had become widely popular, especially in Asia. In 1986, the U.S. produced 5.9 million units, while Japan reached 6.902 million. China saw a rapid growth in production, with over 10.263 million units made in 1987. As technology advanced, electronic rice cookers equipped with microprocessors began to appear in the market during the mid-1980s. These models offered precise control over cooking parameters such as heat level, temperature, time, and heating mode, allowing for optimal cooking results and improved user experience.
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