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First, the substrate requirements:
The basic requirements for the paint surface of architectural coatings are dry, firm and clean.
Drying: The cement wall surface is maintained for at least 1 month (7 weeks in winter), the humidity is less than 6%, the humidity on the surface of the wood is less than 10%, and there are no structural problems such as water seepage and cracks on the wall surface.
Firm: There is no powdered loose material. There is no loose paint on the old wall.
Clean: No oil, grease, mildew, algae, and other adherents.
Substrate does not meet the requirements will seriously affect the film performance. Humidity on the wall may cause blistering, peeling, peeling off of the paint film, alkali penetration on the surface of the paint, lightening of the paint film until mildew, and adhesion of dirt on the substrate will affect the adhesion of the paint film, resulting in peeling off of the paint, etc. Phenomenon occurs, if there is mold breeding, it will cause paint film mold.
Second, the substrate processing:
a, new wall: maintenance more than 1 month. The humidity is <6% (hygrometer test can be used) to remove floating stains and seep alkali.
b, the old wall surface: high-pressure water rinse or mechanical grinding to remove dust and possible growth of algae, cleaning and drying, it is necessary to brush anti-mildew solution (alkaline powder can be formulated as a 10% solution), and then rinse with water; After the old coating is in good condition, the surface can be re-smeared directly: the old coating is powdered, cracked, blisters, and peeled off. The old coating must be removed and the primer must be applied twice.
C. Use a wallpaper wall: tear off the wallpaper, wash away the glue, dry it, and make proper treatment according to the condition of the wall before construction.
d, glass fiber surface: can be directly painted finish.
e, wood forest: surface removal or replacement of wear and decay parts, clean the repair surface, doors and windows and wall joints should be filled with elastic good filler.
f, metal surface:
1. Iron: Remove rust on the surface first, then apply the anti-rust primer immediately after cleaning.
2. Non-ferrous: remove the surface oil, oxide layer, etc., and brush the primer to increase the adhesion.
g. Wall 1. If the wall is flat, no putty is recommended;
2. If the use of tired, should be thick and not thick brush;
3. The requirements for putty should not only be easy to batch and easy to polish, but also should have good strength and durability. For exterior walls, kitchens, and bathrooms, the requirements for putty should have better adhesion, bond durability, and water resistance. The old paint film is rinsed with water, or scraped and mechanically polished. Moisturizes and strengthens the ventilation, prolongs the drying time. Cracks and joints are scraped off old loose paint or plaster, repaired with fillers that are insoluble in water, and larger and deeper holes can be batched in batches. Nail rust a brush to rust, polished the lamp, and knocked the nail to the wall 3.4mm, spot anti-rust primer, batch polished.
Third, the construction conditions:
Latex paint is a water-based paint, requiring high construction and maintenance conditions, construction and maintenance temperatures above 5°C, and ambient humidity below 85% to ensure good film formation. Generally speaking, the maintenance time of latex paint is 7 days (25°C). The low temperature should be prolonged properly. Low temperature will cause problems such as chalking and cracking of emulsion paint film. The environmental humidity ambassador immersed in deep film for a long time and eventually leads to poor film formation. . The construction of the external wall must take into account the weather conditions. Before applying latex paint, it should not rain for 12 hours and the humidity of the paint should not be too low, especially the reactive paint of Shuangming, low temperature (<5°C) The process will become very slow, it must ensure that the substrate is dry, 24 hours after painting can not rain, to avoid the film washed by rain.
Fourth, brushing system:
The general interior wall paint brushing system is divided into two layers: primer and topcoat.
a. Primer: The primer has the function of keeping the wall surface alkaline, improving the adhesion of the topcoat and enhancing the fullness of the appearance of the paint film. It has great influence on top coat performance and surface effect. If no primer is used, the adhesion of the paint film will be weakened, and the effect of the wall surface alkaline top coat paint will be even greater. In particular, the use of white cement putty bottom may cause The problem of paint filming, yellowing, and alkali solubilization affects the service life of the paint film. Interior wall latex construction is recommended to use a special primer for interior walls.
b. Topcoat: Topcoat is the final coating in the system, with a decorative function that resists environmental damage. Taking into account the different requirements of the user, you can recommend different interior wall finishes.
Fifth, brushing techniques:
In order to achieve a good paint effect, skilled operation level is needed, but the construction well of latex mortar is not difficult. First, the requirements of the substrate should be clean, dry and firm. According to the instructions for use, the conditions for painting should be suitable, and the dilution ratio should be accurate. Excessive dilution will cause the coating not to cover the bottom and pulverize. The shiny coating will generate light and have different colors. If the brushing technique is not skilled enough, a matte coating can be selected so that the flaws in the surface are not easily exposed. When there is a light emulsion paint product, the bottom surface should be as flat as possible, and the wall surface needs to be tired of several batches. The wall surface is the best, but it may cause environmental pollution. Under normal circumstances, the roller coating It is more simple and feasible, so the most used, short-hair roller is a better choice, although the amount of paint is small, but not easy to foam, the resulting film is relatively flat. The common paint sequence for interior wall paint is to brush down from the top. The actual operation is from the ceiling, then the walls, doors and windows, and finally brush the skirting board, window sill and so on. Before using the paint, first press the bucket on the instructions to mix it thoroughly. If you use the same color but different batches of paint and brush on the same plane, it is recommended to mix them in a larger container before use. To ensure overall uniformity. This is like a knit sweater. If the yarn is not enough, it is very difficult to buy a completely colorless yarn. The paint sometimes has a small amount of color difference between batches.
Brushing: The brush must be removed before use. Thoroughly comb through your fingers to make sure that it has been completely removed. Use a liquid of the same nature as the one you use to wet the paint brush. If you want to use water-based paint, wet the brush with water, and soak the brush in the solvent before using the oil-based paint. When the paint is used, the brush can be immersed in half of the paint. It is important to prevent the paint from flowing back. The paint deposited on the back of the brush is difficult to remove and hardens the bristles. After picking the material, tap the brush on the edge of the swell to avoid taking too much material, but do not use forceful scraping. When painting a large area with a paintbrush, first apply a brush-wide stripe vertically, then evenly apply the brush horizontally until it covers, and then wipe it lightly in the vertical direction. If you use a brush and a roller at the same time, first draw the border you want to brush. This is called "cut in." The purpose is to draw a plane that is suitable for the roller on the wall with a paint strip about 3 cm wide. Specific operations are as follows: use a narrow end of the paint brush on the wall frame, do not use too much force, the scope of a sketch should not be too large, after the brush with the roller, before the end of the roller with a roller line painted over, so as not to line The paint at the place dries too quickly and creates a "frame" effect.
Roller coating: moisten with water (water-based paint) or solvent (oil-based paint) before use. If you want to brush the ceiling, you can first attach the wood or aluminum rod to the roller handle, which will make it more handy. The paint from the paint poured into the tray, do not overfill one time, gently dip the drum in the paint, after rolling evenly, so that all parts of the bristles are full. When the brush is applied, the roller is painted on the wall in a zigzag shape. The first painting is from bottom to top, and each brush can be brushed to about half square. When the paint on the roller is about to be brushed, brush the brush back to the point where it was brushed so that the paint spreads evenly. In the middle of a break, the coated roller must not be exposed to the air for long periods of time. It should be wrapped in a plastic bag or immersed in water or solvent depending on the nature of the coating.
Sixth, paint treatment:
After the construction is completed, the tool must be cleaned immediately, otherwise the paint will be damaged after the paint is dry, and the remaining paint is kept clean and sealed.
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