Quartz glass exhibits superior mechanical properties compared to hard glass and ceramics, but it still suffers from poor toughness. Theoretically, the strength of quartz glass can reach as high as 24×10³ MPa, yet the actual measured strength is significantly lower—often by several times. This discrepancy is primarily due to surface defects, particularly microcracks on the surface, which play a critical role in determining the material’s overall strength. For instance, fine-grained quartz glass samples demonstrate a flexural strength approximately 60% higher than coarsely ground ones. In addition to surface flaws, intrinsic defects such as bubbles, impurities, uneven melting, and residual stresses also contribute to the reduction in strength.
Interestingly, the strength of quartz glass tends to increase with rising temperature, reaching its peak near the annealing temperature. This behavior is important for applications where thermal stability is required. Alongside strength, other mechanical properties like shear modulus, Young's modulus, damping, and Poisson's ratio generally increase with temperature, while hardness shows a decreasing trend. These changes highlight the complex relationship between temperature and the mechanical performance of quartz glass, making it a material of interest in both industrial and scientific contexts.
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