Xiangju (Fo Rongju) Introduction

Zinnia, a member of the Asteraceae family, is a long-lived genus commonly known as white AI, jade hibiscus, or hibiscus. It's a perennial evergreen shrub that thrives in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, particularly in Shanghai and Jiangsu. Often used for potted plants or bonsai, it’s perfect for balconies, indoor spaces, and gardens. When touched, its leaves emit a strong, pleasant fragrance that feels refreshing, similar to Aixiang or wild chrysanthemum, offering a cooling and invigorating experience. Gerbera plants can grow between 60 to 120 cm tall, with narrow, ovate leaves clustered at the top of the stems. The leaves are 2–3 cm long and 0.3–0.5 cm wide, with an oval tip and wedge-shaped base, smooth edges, and a silvery-gray hairy surface. The flowers are nearly spherical, golden yellow, around 4–5 mm in diameter, and appear in the upper leaf axils. They bloom from August to September. Xiangju, resembling silver-leaf chrysanthemum, has more delicate and fragrant foliage. It is a specialty flower of Huai’an City in Jiangsu Province. Native to southern China, Xiangju prefers warm and humid climates, with ideal temperatures between 15–25°C. It can tolerate heat up to 35°C and is fairly cold-resistant, surviving winter temperatures around 0°C. In the middle and lower Yangtze River regions, it should be moved indoors during frost, typically after the first frost and before Qingming. Xiangju thrives in full sun during spring, autumn, and winter, requiring at least 6 hours of daily light. However, it is a short-day plant, so during summer, it benefits from partial shade. It grows best in loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH range of 6–7.5. It prefers moist conditions but must avoid waterlogging, especially during the rainy season. Xiangju features erect, branching shrubs ranging from 10 to 40 cm in height. Its leaves are alternate, tightly packed at the branch tips, narrow-ovate in shape, 2–3 cm long, densely covered with grayish-white hairs, and often 3–5 lobed at the tip. Flowers are subglobose, 4–5 mm in diameter, found in the upper leaf axils, with stalks forming terminal, leafy racemes. The flowers are tubular, bisexual, and produce angular achenes with short, split scales. It blooms in spring and is widely cultivated in southern China. Germination begins in early April, with rapid shoot growth from May to mid-June. Growth slows during the hot summer months, followed by a secondary growth phase in autumn, though not as vigorous as in spring. The shoots have strong regenerative abilities, are easy to prune, and have soft branches that are simple to shape.

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