Quartz glass exhibits superior mechanical properties compared to hard glass and ceramics, but it still suffers from poor toughness. Theoretical calculations suggest an extremely high strength of around 24,000 MPa, yet the actual measured strength is significantly lower—often several times less. This discrepancy is mainly due to surface defects, particularly microcracks on the surface. These cracks' size and depth play a critical role in determining the material's strength. For example, fine-grained quartz glass samples typically show a flexural strength about 60% higher than coarsely ground ones. In addition, intrinsic flaws such as bubbles, impurities, uneven melting, and residual stresses also contribute to the reduction in strength.
Interestingly, the strength of quartz glass increases with rising temperature, reaching a peak near its annealing temperature. This behavior is important for applications where thermal stability is required. Alongside strength, other mechanical properties like the shear modulus, Young’s modulus, damping, and Poisson’s ratio tend to increase with temperature. However, hardness decreases as temperature rises, which can affect the material’s performance in certain conditions.
Understanding these properties helps in selecting the right type of quartz glass for specific industrial or scientific applications, ensuring optimal performance under varying environmental conditions.
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