First, the production characteristics of dangerous chemicals
1. Long production process. The production of a product requires multiple processes, and even more than a dozen processes can be completed. For example, ammonium nitrate, which is a chemical fertilizer, produces gas (half water gas), desulfurization (hydrogen sulfide), conversion (carbon monoxide conversion), nitrogen and hydrogen compression, and decarburization (carbon dioxide removal). Purification (microcarbon monoxide, carbon dioxide removal), ammonia synthesis, liquid ammonia storage. The liquid ammonia is then vaporized into ammonia gas, ammonia gas is oxidized (nitrogen oxide is obtained), and acid is absorbed to produce dilute nitric acid. The ammonium nitrate solution is neutralized by dilute nitric acid and ammonia gas, and then the solution is subjected to tertiary evaporation, granulation, cooling, and packaging to complete the entire production process, and the product amine nitrate is obtained.
2. The process is complicated. In the production process, there are both high temperature and high pressure, as well as low temperature and low pressure. The above is exemplified by the production of ammonium nitrate, the temperature of the furnace for producing ammonia in ammonia, the use of coal char as raw material up to 1100 ° C, and the pressure of ammonia synthesis to reach 30 MPa. Some air separation units that require oxygen for ammonia production have temperatures as low as -190 °C. There are also chemical production processes that are carried out under negative pressure.
3. Raw materials, semi-finished products, by-products, products and waste are all hazardous. For example, the production of ammonium nitrate is not a dangerous item, and some use naphtha and natural gas as raw materials. The by-products such as sulfur, liquid ammonia and nitric acid have dangerous characteristics.
4. Raw materials, auxiliary materials, intermediate products, and products are in three states. That is, there are gaseous, liquid, solid, and change each other.
5. The entire production process must be carried out in closed equipment and pipelines, and no leakage is allowed.
6. There are strict requirements for packaging, packaging specifications, storage, handling, and transportation.
Second, the production plant area is not allowed to be 14
1. Strengthen the management of open fires, and no smoking is allowed in the factory. 2. In the production plant area, minors are not allowed to enter. 3. During work hours, it is not allowed to sleep, do private work, leave the post and do nothing related to production. 4. Do not drink alcohol before or during the class. 5. Do not use flammable liquids such as gasoline to scrub equipment, utensils and clothing. 6. Do not wear labor protection articles according to regulations, and are not allowed to enter production positions. 7. Equipment with incomplete safety devices is not allowed to be used. 8. Equipment and tools that are not in charge of their own are not allowed to be used. 9. Safety measures are not implemented when the equipment is overhauled, and it is not allowed to start maintenance. 10. The equipment after shutdown inspection is not allowed to be used without thorough inspection. 11. If you do not have a high-level operation permit, do not wear a seat belt, scaffolding, springboard is not strong, and you are not allowed to climb the work. 12. The asbestos tile is not fixed on the springboard and is not allowed to work. 13. Mobile power tools without an electric shock protector are not allowed to be used. 14. Employees who have not obtained a safety operation permit are not allowed to work independently; workers of special types of work are not allowed to work independently without obtaining evidence.
Third, the eight must enter the container, equipment:
1. Must apply, apply for a certificate, and get approval. 2. A safe isolation must be made. 3. Power must be cut off and safety lights must be used. 4. Ventilation must be replaced. 5. Safety analysis must be performed as required by time. 6. Must wear the prescribed protective equipment. 7. Someone must be supervised outside the device and stick to the post. 8. There must be rescue measures.
4. Six bans on hot work : 1. The fire certificate is not approved and fire is prohibited. 2. Not reliably isolated from the production system, prohibiting hot fire. 3. If it is not cleaned, the replacement is unqualified and the fire is prohibited. 4. Do not eliminate the surrounding flammable materials, and prohibit the fire. 5. Do not analyze the fire on time, and prohibit the fire. 6. No fire fighting measures, no fire.
V. Six strict operations: 1. Strictly implement the handover system. 2. Strictly carry out inspections. 3. Strictly control the process indicators. 4. Strictly enforce the operation method (ticket). 5. Strictly observe labor discipline. 6. Strictly enforce safety regulations.
6. What are the conditions and requirements for setting up a fixed fire zone?
(1) The fixed hot fire zone should be set in the upwind direction of the dominant wind direction in the flammable and explosive areas; (2) It should not be located in the flammable or explosive building, tank area, equipment, Yinjing, drainage ditch, water sealing well, etc. Less than 30 meters; (3) Under any meteorological conditions, the content of flammable gas in the fixed moving fire zone is within the allowable range. When the production device is in normal operation, the flammable gas should diffuse into the moving fire zone. Once an abnormal situation occurs in the production equipment, it should immediately notify the fire area to stop all hot work; (4) The indoor fixed fire area should be separated from other parts by the physical firewall, and no door and window collusion is allowed. The doors and windows that are allowed to open should be opened outwards, and the roads should be unblocked; (5) flammable, explosive, combustible materials and other sundries should not be piled up in the fixed fire zone, and more than four fire-fighting equipment should be equipped; (6) fixed There must be obvious boundaries and signs in the fire zone and the fire-fighting zone, and they should be written into the application; (7) Special fire-fighting should be set up in the fixed fire zone to pay attention to the production situation in the production zone. In the case of the situation, the guardian should immediately notify the smoldering person to stop the fire and immediately eliminate the aftermath.
Seven, what aspects should be paid attention to when using gas cylinders?
(1) It is forbidden to strike, slowly open, and prevent static electricity; (2) Keep away from open flames and prevent heat. If the bottle is larger than 7 meters and the bottle is more than 10 meters away from the fire source, the winter bottle valve will freeze and can only be frozen by temperature; 3) Special bottle for special use, leaving residual pressure; (4) Lightly moving, not allowed to roll, mixed, (5) The distance between the two bottles of anti-vibration ring is 60 cm, and the two gas bands are not less than 30 meters. (6) The two safety accessories in use must be in good condition, and the torch should not be placed in the equipment; (7) The valve and accessories of the oxygen cylinder should not be greased, and the oxygen cylinder should not be operated when there is grease on the hand or glove.
8. When the acetylene cylinder is used, the temperature of the bottle should not exceed?
40 ° C, therefore, in order to ensure the safe operation of the gas cylinder, the gas cylinder should be placed in a cool and ventilated place to prevent exposure, and it is strictly prohibited to approach high temperature objects.
9. What should I do when I open the gas cylinder to ensure safety?
When opening the bottle valve, the operator should stand on the side to avoid airflow and injury. When opening, it should be slow, and the force should not be too strong. The valve should not be too tight.
10. What should I do with the warehouse where the gas cylinders are stored?
(1) There should be a clear management system and responsible persons; (2) There should be no trenches or dark passages in the warehouse; (3) The warehouse should be ventilated and dry to avoid direct sunlight; (4) It is strictly forbidden to mix with other cylinders and hazardous chemicals. (5) The wall mine facilities of the warehouse should be in good condition.
11. How to prevent static electricity when the cylinder is in use?
When using the gas cylinder, it should not be placed on insulating objects such as rubber, plastic or wood. It is strictly forbidden to transport the gas cylinder with an electromagnetic crane to avoid static electricity during use and handling.
12. What aspects should you pay attention to when using a welding machine?
(1) The welding machine should be connected to the independent switch and the leakage protector, and the zero line should be connected to the welding part; (2) There should be rainproof measures in the outdoor operation, the power should be cut off in time, and the secondary line should be taken back; (3) When welding in metal containers, metal structures or trenches, rubber insulation mats should be laid on the ground at the operating point, wear welder gloves, wear insulated shoes, and the voltage of the lamps should not exceed 12V; (4) Welding When cutting and cutting work, it should prevent spark splash; (5) The welder must not dismantle the welding machine without authorization, and the electrician should turn on the power; (6) Non-electric welders prohibit the use of electric welding tools.
XIII. What is the “eight taboos†for oxygen cylinder fire prevention?
(1) avoiding inverted; (2) avoiding oil; (3) avoiding fire; (4) avoiding exposure; (5) avoiding exhaustion; (6) avoiding severe impact; (7) avoiding mixed transportation; 8) Avoid using during the inspection period.
14. What are the safety devices for gas cylinders?
(1) Safety relief device; (2) Bottle cap; (3) Anti-vibration ring.
15. What are the safety regulations for storing gas cylinders?
The gas cylinder warehouse shall comply with the requirements of relevant national standards, codes and regulations for environmental protection, fire prevention, explosion prevention, etc.; (2) All cylinders must be inspected and accepted by the person in charge of management before being admitted to the warehouse, and it is strictly forbidden to enter the warehouse with defective gas cylinders; 3) The storage of gas cylinders should be clearly managed by specially trained personnel. Empty bottles and solid bottles should be placed separately and clearly marked. Gas cylinders in toxic gas cylinders and bottles can cause burning, explosion and poisonous gas cylinders. Store in separate rooms and set up anti-virus equipment or fire-fighting equipment nearby. The gas cylinders should have measures to prevent dumping and rolling. If stacking, it should not exceed five layers, and the head of the cylinder should face in the same direction, according to the principle of first-in, first-in, first-serving. Disbursement, regular inspections, and gas leaks should be implemented immediately.
16. What should I do when the bottle of the gas cylinder has a bulge defect visible to the naked eye?
Dispose of immediately.
17. What is the meaning of Heinrich "1:29:300"?
Before each serious accident occurred, there were an average of 29 minor injuries and 300 injuries. Therefore, illegal operation is the root cause of all accidents. It is accidental to carry out accidents in violation of regulations. Accidents are inevitable. In order to prevent accidents, it is necessary to carry out anti-habitual violations and establish "only zero hidden dangers. The safety concept of “zero accidents†can be consciously obeyed and disciplined, and “three no harmâ€.
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