Planning and preparation of emergency rescue plan

The emergency organization of nuclear power plants in China is structured around the emergency command department and its associated response teams. The plant manager typically serves as the general emergency commander, with the first deputy director and the operations head acting as substitutes. This leadership structure ensures that all on-site emergency activities are managed effectively, while also addressing off-site responsibilities outlined in the emergency plan.

The emergency operation command is led by the production and operations deputy director, who oversees the plant's operational status and provides updates to the general commander before initiating emergency actions. A technical support commander, usually from the process technology team, assists both the general and operation commanders by offering expertise in operational control, remediation, protective measures, and environmental monitoring.

The emergency plan is composed of several key elements, including preparation procedures, basic emergency protocols, and specific procedures for unique risks. These components ensure a comprehensive approach to managing potential incidents and maintaining safety across all areas of the plant.

Preparation procedures include reviewing emergency readiness, defining roles and responsibilities, assessing available resources, and conducting training programs. These steps are essential for ensuring that the emergency response team is well-prepared and capable of acting quickly and efficiently when needed.

Basic emergency procedures cover alarm systems, communication strategies, evacuation plans, traffic control, and recovery efforts. Each of these steps is crucial in minimizing the impact of an incident and restoring normal operations as soon as possible.

Special hazard procedures address specific risks such as dangerous material leaks, fires, typhoons, and floods. These procedures are tailored to handle unique situations and ensure that the plant can respond effectively to a wide range of emergencies.

Creating an effective emergency plan involves assembling a dedicated team, collecting relevant data, identifying hazards, and evaluating emergency capabilities. The plan must be flexible enough to adapt to changing conditions and include key elements such as resource effectiveness, incident assessment, command structures, communication protocols, and ongoing training and maintenance.

Hazard identification and risk assessment form the foundation of any emergency plan. By thoroughly analyzing potential risks and their consequences, organizations can develop targeted strategies to prevent or mitigate the impact of accidents. Various methods, including qualitative assessments, index evaluations, and probabilistic risk analysis, help in making informed decisions about safety measures and resource allocation.

Emergency personnel and roles must be clearly defined to ensure that everyone knows their responsibilities during a crisis. This includes functions such as communication, fire response, material control, medical care, and logistics. Assigning backup personnel ensures that leadership remains effective even if primary members are unavailable.

Evaluating emergency resources is critical to determining the plant’s ability to respond to incidents. This includes assessing the availability of equipment, personnel, and external support. A reliable communication system is vital for coordinating efforts and keeping all stakeholders informed during an emergency.

Establishing an emergency response organization allows for rapid deployment of resources and personnel when needed. The initial response is often managed by the on-duty manager, who temporarily assumes command until senior leaders arrive. Clear roles and responsibilities are essential to maintaining order and ensuring a coordinated response.

The corporate emergency commander plays a central role in directing all emergency operations, coordinating with external agencies, and ensuring the safety of both on-site and off-site personnel. Deputies assist in managing daily operations and supporting the main commander in decision-making and resource allocation.

By focusing on preparedness, clear communication, and continuous improvement, nuclear power plants can significantly enhance their ability to respond to emergencies and protect people, property, and the environment.