The pruning in the growing period of the fruit tree is called fruit tree summer shearing, also known as the growing season pruning. Fruit tree summer shear has a very important role in fruit trees, not only can improve light, promote fruit tree growth, but also promote the formation of fruit tree flower buds, improve nutrient accumulation, and lay a good foundation for high quality and high yield in the coming year. What are the methods? What should you pay attention to during the summer pruning of fruit trees?
There are six common methods for fruit tree summer shear:
1, topping
Topping is generally carried out from August to September. The method of summer tree shearing of the fruit tree refers to cutting off the twig portion of the new shoot, leaving 20 cm long, and after the second shoot germination, the cut tip is left 20 cm. Young trees can use nail files to remove branches.
Topping can make the fruit branches full, make the branches fully lignified; it is beneficial to the early maturity of the leaves, strengthen the photosynthesis of the fruit trees; adjust the branches of the branches to promote the results of flowering, which is conducive to the fruit trees to withstand the cold and make them safe for winter.
2, twisting
The twisting can be performed in synchrony with the topping, which refers to the twisting of the semi-lignified branches (20-30 cm long) in the opposite direction to their growth. It should be noted that the speed is slow when twisting the tip, pay attention to the degree of toughness of the branches to prevent twisting branches. This method can control the growth of new shoots and strengthen the accumulation of photosynthetic products in the tree.
3, curved branches
Bent branches refer to the growth of Xinwangzhi in the downward or left-right direction under the action of external force from July to August. It can also be tied to the branches of itself or other branches to change the growth direction. In a circle, but not broken.
This method can inhibit the growth of shoots, alleviate the top edge of fruit trees, improve the light conditions of fruit trees, rationally utilize space, enhance photosynthesis, promote short shoots, and promote flower bud formation.
4, ring stripping, ring cutting, inverted skin
Stripping the phloem of the shoot tip is called ring stripping. Only cut a ring of phloem, not peeled off is called ring cutting. The peeled bark is inverted and placed in the original peeling place, and the dressing is healed and called the peeling. These measures are all measures taken during the growing season for growing branches. The purpose is to temporarily prevent nutrients from being transported, inhibit growth, promote flower bud differentiation or increase fruit set rate.
5, remove the long branches
The removal of long branches can not only improve the ventilation and light transmission performance of the fruit trees, increase the light, but also enhance photosynthesis, reduce the useless consumption of nutrients, and increase the accumulation of tree camps. This method refers to the complete cutting of the long branches, the cuts should be flat, without leaving the column, to avoid new branches.
6, broken roots
The roots are usually carried out in August-September. This method refers to the center of the trunk. The radius of the crown is 1/3, and the half-enclosed groove is 50 cm deep and 20 cm wide. The lateral root is cut off and the root is broken. The root section should be smooth and flat and should not damage the main root of the fruit tree. Broken roots can remove aging lateral roots and capillary roots.
7, go to the leaves
Defoliation is generally carried out in September by removing the dense leaves, and it should be noted that the removal of the leaves in the fruit trees should not be too high.
Defoliation can improve the light inside the canopy and the fruit, promote the formation of flower buds, enhance the color of the fruit, and help the fruit trees to enter the dormant state early.
8, supplementary pruning
Supplemental pruning is the continuation of winter pruning during the growing season. Mostly after germination, according to the germination growth, the density and length of the retained branches can be adjusted again, and the ratio of flower buds and leaf buds can be adjusted to ensure good growth results.
Fruit tree summer shear "five bogey"
1, avoid sparse premature overweight
If the stalks are too early and too heavy, the leaves will become germinated again, affecting the formation of flower buds, and reduce the accumulation of photosynthesis, affecting the growth of the trees. The sparse shoots should be carried out after the spring shoots are stopped, and the light transmittance under the trees is reduced. Up to 30% is appropriate.
2, avoid pulling the branch open early
Spring pulls the opening angle and causes the strips on the back and the flowering effect is poor. For the new shoots to be used, the branches can be taken during semi-lignification; the main side branches with small angles should be opened in the fall.
3, avoid splicing
The splicing of the spurs affects the illumination. In the same main branch, the torsion is usually 3-3-5, and the superior flowering result can be used on the back, and the rest should be eliminated.
4, avoid heavy heart
Re-extracting the heart will promote the growth again, poor light transmission, poor flowering, should be used as little as possible.
5, avoid thinning the fruit table
The removal of the fruit tops will affect the fruit enlargement, and the fruit tops should be placed to facilitate the supply of fruits near the nutrients.
Fruit tree summer shears considerations
[1] Due to the inconsistency of the local pruning, the reason for the summer pruning varies depending on the species and cannot be uniform. For example, walnuts cannot be pruned in the summer, and the wounds in the growing season cause wounds, which further weaken the tree, which is not good for the growth results of the current year or the next year; the grapes are pruned before the autumn is buried in the cold.
[2] Summer pruning should only be applied to saplings, saplings, dense branches, stalks or growing varieties. Because summer pruning is to ease the tree, promote flowering, and increase the fruit setting rate. In particular, summer pruning in densely planted orchards is more important.
[3] Strictly grasp the application time of each measure of summer trimming. Because the summer pruning is carried out in the growing season, the missed time will affect its effect, and sometimes it will have adverse effects. If the new shoots are lignified, it will be difficult to twist.
[4] Pay attention to the proper amount of trimming. The amount of pruning should not be too heavy, so as not to lose too many leaves, excessively weaken the tree, and the summer shears are too heavy. After the rain is too much or watered, the roots are lost due to the loss of the balance between the ground and the ground.
[5] Pay attention to the fact that the fruit tree is pruned in summer with the principle of hands-on, dynamic shearing and no-saw, and it is not possible to go to the big branch. When it is necessary to go to the big branch, it can be left for winter shear removal. Otherwise, it will cause a large wound, which may easily cause rot disease, or cause a survival place for overdraft moths and giarders, leading to the occurrence of pests and diseases.
[6] Pay attention to the branches that are reserved for winter shears and must be cut in summer. Otherwise, the accumulation of contradictions will make it difficult to return, which will cause difficulties for future management.
Although the summer pruning technology of fruit trees has important practical significance for ensuring the high yield and stable yield of fruit trees in a row, any technology is not isolated or absolute. The summer pruning of fruit trees must be combined with winter shearing and strengthening orchard soil fertility management. To play a bigger role.
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