The weather in the north is relatively low, and the wheat is eroded by cold weather. Today, I will share with you that the impact of freezing damage on wheat will reduce production by 5%-20%, and wheat is subject to freezing damage prevention measures!
What is wheat frost damage?
Wheat frost damage refers to the stagnation of wheat growth caused by continuous low temperature weather in wheat fields. After freezing, the young stems of the wheat stems and the young shoots of the large tillers were still frozen and still normal heading and fruiting; however, the number of grains per ear was significantly reduced. When the freezing damage is heavy, the main stem, the big tiller, the young panicle and the heart leaf are frozen to death, and the rest can still grow; in the wheat field where the freezing damage is serious, the wheat leaves and the tip of the leaf are hard and brittle, and then the green or the blue is green. The stalks and young ears shrink and die.
This year's wheat was seriously frozen. First, the temperature dropped sharply after the frost, the wheat failed to gradually cool down, and the resistance to stress was rather weak. Another reason was that the snow did not completely cover the surface and wheat for the previous few days. It plays a role in heat preservation, but accelerates the freezing damage. Therefore, the winter wheat in the Huanghuai area will have large yellowing of leaves, weak roots, black rot, and freezing and drying.
Standing on the ground and looking around, I found that some of the wheat seedlings in the farmer's field have yellow leaves, some of the main stems and large tillers are frozen, the leaves are dry and dry, and some are hard and brittle like boiling water. The cockroaches are on the ground, and this year's wheat is indeed severely frozen.
"You see that like this kind of wheat, two-thirds of the leaves have been frozen, basically belonging to the third-level freezing damage, which will definitely affect the growth and yield of the late wheat." The agricultural technician told the author that the frost resistance of wheat is an important factor affecting the yield of wheat. Generally, the wintering damage will reduce the yield by 5%~20%. Even if it recovers later, the number of grains per ear will be significantly reduced. All the wheat that suffered severe frost damage in the early winter is like an army with unloaded equipment. After the spring, there is no energy for normal growth and development, let alone high yield and good harvest.
Type of wheat frost damage
1. Warm winter cold damage type. The wheat was sowed until the winter, the temperature was high, and the wheat grew well before winter. After winter, due to continuous snowfall or freezing rain, the wheat seedlings are not resistant to cold (the low temperature adapting and sugar accumulation stage of the wheat seedlings), the leaves of the light damaged by the freezing are dry, and the heavy ones will freeze the growth cone (the early growth seedling growth cone is more vulnerable) )
2. Winter cold damage type. It means that the winter continues to be cold and there are many cold waves (such as the cold winter in the winter wheat area in the north, the lowest temperature is below -17 °C, the continuous days are more than 10 days), and the wind and snow are less severe, causing serious damage to the upper part. Withered or even into a dead seedling.
3. Winter and early spring and thaw. It means that the temperature is abnormally warmer. After the wheat seedlings are dormant in winter, the growth cone has begun to germinate and grow. The cold tolerance of wheat has decreased, and it has suffered from early spring cold, alternating freezing and thawing and sudden changes in cold and warm. This is what we often say about the cold spring.
Causes of wheat freezing damage
Winter wheat frost damage is related to various factors such as climatic conditions, cultivation measures, and wheat varieties.
1. Before the winter, the seedlings are susceptible to freezing. Sowing early or autumn, the temperature is high or the wintering period is delayed, resulting in high pre-winter accumulation temperature, resulting in the main stem of the wheat is large, with many tillers, forming a strong seedling. The sugar concentration of this type of wheat tiller cell decreased, the freezing point increased, and the cold resistance decreased. Before the winter, the seedlings are easy to be frozen in winter, and the wheat has not been safely wintered before winter. It is generally believed that the main stem of wheat has a pre-winter leaf age of 7 or more, and the number of stems per mu is more than 1 million. In addition, the main stem leaves are too old, the plant height is too high or the population is too large, and the field closed in the field is also regarded as Wang Miao.
2. The sudden drop in temperature before and after winter is likely to cause freezing damage. The average daily temperature of 0 °C to 5 °C before and after wintering can increase the sugar concentration of wheat, which is beneficial to the improvement of cold resistance. This period of time is short or sudden and significant cooling without this period is likely to cause freezing damage.
3. Drought and cold are easy to cause freezing damage. During the winter, the possibility of freezing damage caused by cold alone is relatively small, and the interaction between drought and cold during wintering is more likely to cause freezing damage.
4. Improper management measures increase freezing damage.
1 The suitable sowing depth of wheat is generally 3-5 cm, and the seeding depth is less than 2 cm.
2 The uneven return of straw to the field, drought, poor soil preparation, poor soil quality, poor sowing quality, and wheat fields that have not been suppressed after sowing may increase freezing damage.
3 Wheat is watered in the evening of the early winter, when the water does not fully infiltrate into the soil, it suddenly cools down, and it freezes on the surface, which is also easy to cause the wheat tiller to be frozen.
5. Some varieties are weak in winter and are prone to freezing damage. Not only the cold resistance of winter cultivars and semi-winter varieties, but also the similar varieties also differ.
Control measures for wheat frost damage
1. Pour frozen water in time. Watering before wintering can make up the soil moisture, stabilize the temperature, promote root development, ensure safe wintering, and create a good soil moisture for the spring wheat seedlings to return to the green, and also can thicken the soil and crush the waste. The winter water should be poured at the average daily temperature of 5 °C, and the night is frozen and the winter is poured.
For the buckwheat returning to the straw, no matter what kind of wheat field, it should be poured with winter water, and the soil should be solidified to prevent the roots from hanging. However, it is necessary to do a good job in field investigations, to properly prematurely grow the weaker wheat fields, to properly pour the wheat fields with good lyrical growth, to water the tops before winter, and to apply Fertilizer to the wheat fields that have been over-fertilized. .
2. After the freezing injury of wheat, the main stem and big cockroaches are the most seriously damaged, and the small cockroaches suffer less. In the spring, the wheat should be carefully observed. For some of the main stems and big cockroaches that have died, the wheat fields that are still alive are not destroyed. The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the growth and development of cockroaches. The potassium-deficient wheat field can be combined with Potassium Sulfate or potassium chloride.
Reminder: the base fertilizer is applied with sufficient potassium fertilizer, and the “Blue Crystal Code†is sprayed during the rejuvenation period, which can significantly improve the anti-freezing ability. Note: The base fertilizer is applied with sufficient potassium fertilizer, and it is sprayed in the rejuvenation period. The blue crystal code can significantly improve the frost resistance. Some people think that "potassium fertilizer is too expensive" without using it is not right: because low-priced nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium chloride can not replace potassium fertilizer (the principle of irreplaceable nutrients). Excessive nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer are more likely to induce freezing damage, disease and lodging! Don't say no reminder!
When the spring conditions are good, the fertilizer can be applied by ditching, and when it is lacking, it can be fertilized with water. At the jointing stage, urea is applied 40-50 kg per mu to promote tillering and tilling. For the less harmful frost damage, the majority of the main stem and the large wheat field that survived can be managed according to normal conditions. In the early spring, the cultivation of the cultivator is carried out, the heat preservation is carried out, and the seedlings are stable.
3, chemical control and a spray more defense. During the period from the middle and late November to the spring and spring of the wheat, the "" wheat chubby pier", "small smear" or "uniconazole" or "methabine" were added to the "Nippon 9" and "Fluorine". "Siloxazole", a spray and more defense, can enhance the ability to resist cold and freeze, and prevent lodging, reduce disease and promote production.
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