Five-year cultivation techniques such as wheat celery

Wheat, spinach, melon, corn and celery are cultivated in a five-year year. While ensuring grain production, the planting area of ​​vegetables is increased, the multiple cropping index is increased, the light and heat resources are fully utilized, and the advantages are obvious. Significant. This model generally costs 350 to 400 kilograms per acre in Fujian , 800 to 1000 kilograms of spinach , 3,500 to 4,000 kilograms of winter melon , 550 to 650 kilograms of corn , 5000 kilograms of celery , and an output value of more than 6,000 yuan per mu .

First, the mouth and specifications

After the autumn crops are harvested, they will be smashed in time, the bottoms will be made, the soil will be finely ground, the base fertilizer will be reapplied, and the fertilization will be balanced. General organic fertilizers applied per acre 5000 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 50 to 60 kg, 30 kg diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate 20 kg, zinc, boron, manganese, magnesium, etc. and an appropriate amount of fertilizer or organic fertilizer, diammonium sulfate mixed Evenly, spread. After fine soil preparation, press 160 cm to make a flat. Line 6 rows of wheat on the flat side , covering an area of ​​about 100 cm. Spinach is spread on the other side and on the clams. Spinach is harvested in time before wintering or after returning to green. In early March , winter melon is cultivated with Yangshuo nutrition, and in mid- April , it is planted with the film cover to the original spinach planting line. The plant spacing is 40 cm. Before the wheat harvest, a row of corn was planted on both sides of the sorghum. In early August , celery was planted between the corn rows and harvested at the end of November .

Second, the main cultivation techniques

　　 1. Wheat. Selection Jimai 21, Jimai22, Liaomai 18, Aikang 58 other varieties, planting density is not too large, other fertilizer management and pest control cultivated with wheat field.

　　 2. Spinach. Japanese large-leaf spinach was selected, the seeding amount was 3 kg per mu , and the appropriate seedlings after emergence were kept at a distance of 3 cm square. According to the growth and market conditions before the winter, it can be properly harvested. Before winter , the ammonium bicarbonate can be applied once every 3 to 4 leaves, 50 kg per mu . After harvesting, the antifreeze should be poured before winter, and the cold cover should be properly covered ( optional cattle or manure or straw) ) , after the greening, clear it in time, and cover the mulch film, according to the soil, the topdressing and watering, in the middle and late March of the next year .

　　 3. Winter melon. After the spinach is finished, the base fertilizer is applied in a timely manner, and 2000 kg of soil fertilizer and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate are applied per mu , and the surface is flattened after fertilization. Winter melon uses small melon varieties, such as Beijing early-maturing winter melon, a string of bell winter melon, and a single melon weighing 2 to 3 kg. In the first ten days of March , Yangshuo nutrient 钵 seedlings were covered with plastic film in mid- April . Planting each row, the plant spacing is 35 cm, and planting water according to the hole. Three vines are used, and each plant has one main vine and two side vines. Remove all the remaining branches, remove the first female flowers of each vine after opening the female flowers, and choose to leave the second female flowers to sit on the melon, each of which has 3 to 4 melons . Wheat grouting water and wheat yellow water are combined with winter melon water and expanded melon water, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied when pouring the water. During the growth period, we can prevent and cure winter melon blight, anthracnose and powdery mildew, and control the use of Dasheng, anthrax fumei, Kelu, mancozeb and other agents. For the control of aphids and white meal, imidacloprid, permethrin and other compound pesticides can be used. After sitting on the melon, combined with disease prevention and control pests for foliar application, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea can be used. After planting the vines, the autumn vines should be shunned to the wheat stalks in a timely manner, so that the tendrils can freely grasp the wheat stalks. After sitting on the melon, the young melon is under the grass to avoid direct contact with the ground. When the first batch of melons grows to 1.5 to 2 kg, they are harvested in time to facilitate the growth of young melons .

　　 4. Corn. 7 to 10 days before the wheat harvest , a row of corn was planted on both sides of the sorghum. The plant spacing was 25 cm, the small row spacing was about 30 cm, and the large row spacing was about 130 cm. The planting was large, with good ventilation and light transmission. Varieties of Zhengdan 958 , Yudan 20 , Yongyan No. 4 , Zhongke 11 and other early-maturing varieties were selected. After the wheat is harvested, the imidacloprid or acetamiprid is sprayed in time to eliminate the aphid and the poisonous media such as the planthopper and the spider mites. The corn plant is sprayed with an antiviral agent and 0.3% potassium permanganate to prevent the disease. After the corn is mature, harvest and cut the straw in time to increase the illumination of the celery. Other field management is the same as field cultivation.

　　 5. Celery. After the melon is harvested, the vines are rotted in the field. In the end of July , they are cleared out of the field, and a bactericide is sprayed inside the cockroach to prevent disease. Apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu, and apply 2000 kg of high-quality soil- fertilized fertilizer per acre . After squatting 15 cm, the celery is planted. 5 days before the celery sowing , soaking seeds and germination, soaking in warm water and simmering for several times, soaking seeds for 12 hours, then draining and draining, wrapped in wet gauze and placed in a cool place to germination, repeatedly twirling during germination, sow 50% when the seeds begin to appear white Watering after sowing, spraying herbicides before seeding, should be sprayed near the ground, try not to spray on the corn leaf surface. Keep the ground moist before emergence, properly stop the water after emergence , and the seedlings are 2 to 3 times. The final spacing of the seedlings is about 3 cm. For example, the celery is planted. Because the plants are large, the seedlings can be transplanted and planted at a row spacing of 15 cm × 10 cm. According to the line spacing of 15 cm, the seedlings are between 8 and 10 cm. After planting, the seedlings are properly seeded for 10 to 15 days. When the roots are large, the seedlings of the plants begin to grow upright and the seedlings are finished. Top dressing and watering, always keep the ground moist. When the plant is 25 cm high, foliar application of 50 mg / kg of gibberellin and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea mixture is started , and sprayed 2 to 3 times once every 10 to 15 days . Stop topdressing and watering 7 to 10 days before harvest .

Third, the mode advantages

Wheat and corn have good ventilation and light transmission conditions, and the disease is relieved. The advantages of the sideline are obvious. The melon does not need to be pressed, saves time and labor, and the autumn vine and the young melon do not touch the ground, which reduces the pests and diseases; the corn is shaded in the early stage of celery growth, in the hot Summer can grow well; the fertilizer requirements of different crops are different, and the soil fertility can be fully utilized. In summary, this model is an excellent planting mode.

 

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