The Yanmenguan area is located in the northern and western parts of Shanxi Province, at the junction of Mongolia, Yunnan and Shaanxi. The region's ecological environment is fragile and the poverty surface is relatively concentrated, but the region is broad and the grass and livestock resources are abundant. The region uses unconventional feed to raise cows, which saves a lot of grain feed, increases milk production and reduces environmental pollution. The Yanmenguan area has expanded the use and use of unconventional feed for dairy farmers through advanced technology promotion and active guidance, which has positive significance for environmental protection.
The forage resources used in dairy farming in Yanmenguan District mainly include conventional forage feed resources and unconventional forage feed resources.
Conventional forage feed source
Conventional forage feed mainly includes corn, soybean meal, soybean hulls, bran, silage, corn stalks, alfalfa, and Northeast Leymus. The corn and bran resources are mostly from the local area, and some are purchased from the outside as supplements; the soybean meal and soybean skin are mainly from outsourcing; the silage is from local cultivation and can be divided into three parts: whole plant silage, early harvested waxy corn. After the green corn stalk silage, harvesting corn seed green yellow corn stalk silage; corn stalks are from local planting; 苜蓿 and Northeast yang grass are basically from outsourcing, such as 苜蓿 more from Gansu, Inner Mongolia and the United States and other imported 苜蓿, Leymus chinensis is mostly from the northeast and Inner Mongolia, and has been growing since the beginning of the year.
Unconventional forage feed resources
Unconventional forage feed resources mainly include beer grains, white distiller's grains, corn husks, potato starch slag, tomato slag, beet leaves, sunflower shell slag, flax straw, potato vines and the like.
The main source of beer waste is the production of beer waste, such as Shentou Town Yanjing Beer Co., Ltd., whose annual output of wet beer is 6,000 tons, mainly used by cattle farms with more than 300 cows, especially in Shanyinong. The cattle farm around the pasture and the cattle farm around the Weicheng District are mainly used. The daily dose of lactating cows is 8 kg to 15 kg. Brewer's grains are industrial by-products of barley, which are fermented and extracted from some of the soluble carbohydrates in the seeds. The water content is 75% or more, the ruminal protein content is high, and the brewer's yeast is contained. The improvement is very helpful. The average daily milk production of freshly used lactating cows can be increased by 2 kg to 3 kg, which is the highest raw material used in the non-conventional feed in Chenzhou.
The distiller's grains are mainly from local breweries, such as Yingxian Pear Blossom Spring Wine, which has an annual output of 4,000 tons. The protein content of white distiller's grains is generally 16% to 25%. If the freshness of distiller's grains and scientific and rational use methods can be solved, the use of fresh distiller's grains in lactating dairy cows will be greatly improved.
Corn husk contains more protein and a small amount of starch and crude fiber, protein content is 18%~20%, crude fiber is 16.2% (6% to 16%), and nitrogen-free extract is 57.45% (including starch content above 40%). , good palatability, can replace 20% ~ 50% bran. At present, the source of corn husk in Yanmenguan area is mainly Yingxian Yuxiong Starch Co., Ltd., and the annual output after drying is 1,800 tons, which is mainly used by feed companies.
Potato starch residue is a powder residue obtained by extracting starch from potato. The dry matter of potato starch residue is mainly starch and crude fiber. The protein content is high, the content of nitrogen-free extract is high, and the content of crude fiber is low. At present, 80% of potato starch slag is discarded, and about 20% is fed to livestock. If it can be collected and dried, it can be fed to cows.
The main production area of ​​tomato slag is located in Datong City, with an annual output of 1,400 tons, and more than 90% of it is currently discarded. Ketchup slag is rich in about 80% of water. Calculated by dry matter, the crude protein content is 14%~22%, and the crude fiber is about 34%. In addition, it also contains nutrients such as lycopene, which is a good protein feed resource. However, due to its high moisture content and prone to mildew, the tomato sauce residue is not used as a feed resource. Tomato slag can be used as a roughage for raising cattle. The silage is processed by the tomato slag processed by Datong COFCO Co., which not only reduces the feeding cost of the cow but also increases the milk yield.
There is a large amount of beet planting by-products in the beet leaf Yanbei area. The annual sugar beet leaf yield is more than 10,000 tons in the Yinzhou area, and the protein content after drying is 10%. It also contains a large amount of digestible crude fiber, which is a very good silage material. .
The sunflower shell slag Yanbei area is rich in sunflower by-product sunflower slag, especially in the Yinzhou area. The sunflower dish contained 9% crude protein, 10.5% crude fat, 17.7% crude fiber, 48.9% nitrogen-free extract, and 10.1% crude ash. Each kilogram contains pectin 24 grams to 30 grams, there is a lot of calcium and rich in vitamins. The threshed sunflower dish can be used as a ruminant roughage. If it is silaged after autumn, the application effect is better and the use is more convenient.
The two crops of flax and potato vine are by-products of the planting industry in Yanbei, which is preserved and properly processed and is a good roughage for ruminants. Zhao Yuqiong Bai Yuansheng Shi Zhou Ge Yang Xiaomin Zhang Yuanqing
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