Whey protein concentrate has been widely recognized as a valuable protein source that supports animal growth and enhances immune function. With the development of advanced processing technologies like ultrafiltration and spray drying, whey protein concentrate has become more accessible and commonly used in feed production. Due to variations in composition, whey protein concentrates are typically categorized based on their protein content (Belobrajdic et al., 2003). This article explores the mechanisms by which whey protein concentrate affects pig performance and highlights its nutritional benefits.
**1. Nutritional Characteristics of Whey Protein Concentrate**
Currently, whey powder is one of the primary protein sources used in milk replacers for young animals. It is well-known for its excellent palatability and digestibility, making it a traditional ingredient in piglet diets (Heinrichs et al., 1998). Whey protein concentrate is produced through spray drying of cow's whey and contains a rich blend of nutrients, including proteins, essential amino acids, lactose, minerals, and small amounts of fat. It is also high in vitamins such as B1, B2, pantothenic acid, B6, and B12, along with immunoglobulins, bacteriostatic agents like lysozyme and lactoferrin, growth factors, nucleotides, hormones, and cytokines.
The protein content in whey protein concentrate can vary from 34% to 80%, depending on the processing method. It offers superior digestibility compared to other protein sources, making it an efficient nutrient provider. The protein efficiency ratio of whey protein is over 3.0, indicating its high nutritional value (Wingerd, 1970). It includes fractions such as α-lactalbumin, which has a high net protein utilization value, and β-lactoglobulin, which has moderate protein efficiency (Forsum, 1973).
Whey protein concentrate is stable and has a long shelf life, with no harmful substances like growth toxins or muscle residues, making it a safe and reliable option. Its chemical composition is similar to that of skim milk powder (McDonough et al., 1976), but it costs about 40% less, offering a strong economic incentive for replacement. Additionally, whey protein concentrate provides a better amino acid profile than both skim milk powder and casein (McDonough et al., 1976; Heinrichs et al., 1998), making it ideal for promoting the growth of livestock, particularly cattle.
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