China started the demonstration of minerals such as graphite and diamond

**Abstract** Recently, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the "Notice on Launching a New Round of Research and Demonstration of Mineral Resources Support Level," aiming to strengthen the protection of China's key mineral resources in support of national economic and social development. This initiative was planned to be implemented from 2013 to 2015, with specific focus areas set for 2020, 2025, and 2030. The goal is to ensure that major minerals continue to play a crucial role in driving long-term national growth and stability. The overall objective of this demonstration project is to evaluate how well the 46 major mineral resources can support China’s sustainable economic and social development over the next two decades. It involves analyzing the layout of the mining industry, understanding the relationship between industrial structure and regional development, and establishing a dynamic system to assess mineral security. These efforts are designed to provide scientific support for national decision-making, long-term economic planning, and the sustainable development of both the resource industry and local economies. The notice outlines detailed work schedules and task assignments. In 2013, the focus was on demonstrating the support levels of 16 key minerals, including oil, natural gas, coalbed methane, coal, uranium, iron, copper, zinc, rare earths, and others. By 2014, the scope expanded to include 17 more minerals such as oil shale, shale gas, manganese, and lithium, along with assessments of their availability. In 2015, the project continued with an additional 13 minerals like vanadium, titanium, gold, and graphite, ensuring comprehensive coverage of critical resources. Several key institutions, including the Institute of Resources at the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the Information Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the China National Institute of Land and Resources Economics, are leading the research. Provincial land and resources departments, as well as major oil companies, are assisting with technical and economic evaluations of key mining regions. To coordinate these efforts, the Ministry established a dedicated office under the Department of Reserves, ensuring efficient implementation and monitoring of the entire program.

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