China started the demonstration of minerals such as graphite and diamond

**Abstract** Recently, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the "Notice on Launching a New Round of Research and Demonstration of Mineral Resources Support Level," aiming to enhance the protection of China’s key mineral resources in support of national economic and social development. The initiative is structured around three key milestones: 2020, 2025, and 2030, with preparatory work starting from 2013 to 2015. This effort seeks to ensure that critical mineral resources are sustainably managed and aligned with long-term national goals. The overall objective of this demonstration project is to evaluate the capacity of 46 major mineral resources to support China’s sustainable economic and social growth over the next two decades. It involves analyzing the industrial layout of the mining sector, the interplay between industrial structure and regional development, and developing a dynamic system for assessing mineral security. These efforts aim to strengthen the national mineral resources security framework, provide scientific support for macro-level decision-making, and guide medium- and long-term economic planning. The notice outlines specific timelines and responsibilities. In 2013, the focus was on completing the assessment of 16 key minerals, including oil, natural gas, coalbed methane, coal, uranium, iron, copper, zinc, silver, rare earths, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium salts, and others. In 2014, the work expanded to include 17 additional minerals such as oil shale, shale gas, manganese, nickel, tungsten, and lithium, along with preliminary assessments of oil shale and shale gas. By 2015, the project aimed to complete evaluations for 13 more critical minerals, including vanadium, titanium, cobalt, platinum, gallium, germanium, zirconium, graphite, diamond, kaolin, and cement limestone. The research is led by several key institutions, including the Institute of Resources at the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the Information Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the China National Institute of Land and Resources Economics, and the Ministry of Oil and Gas Center. Provincial land and resources departments, as well as major oil companies, play a supporting role in conducting technical and economic evaluations of key mining areas. To oversee the initiative, the Ministry has established a dedicated office under the Department of Reserves, ensuring coordination and effective implementation across all levels.

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