In this paper, the principles and methods of HACCP are applied to study the key links and control measures for establishing HACCP system in premixed feed processing enterprises, effectively control the safety and product quality of premixed feed, and reduce the safety risk of feed products for processing in premixed feed. The company provides guidance on the implementation of the HACCP system.
Key words: HACCP premix hazard analysis key control point quality control
HACCP is a preventive food quality control system. It takes prevention as the main task, prevents problems before it occurs, strengthens the control of key links in the production process from the source of production, and develops targeted and preventable measures. Control, eliminate or reduce the hazards affecting food safety to an acceptable level to prevent potential hazards that affect product quality, thereby maximizing food safety and hygiene. The biggest advantage of HACCP is that it will rely on the traditional practice of checking the end products to turn into a preventive method to identify and control potential hazards in the production environment, and eliminate the possible food quality and safety problems in the bud, for food. Production provides a safer method of product control than traditional end product inspection. As a food for animal feeding, feed is an important part of the whole food chain. It is essential for the quality and safety of meat, eggs, milk and other livestock products. Improving the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products has become an improvement. The core of China's livestock and poultry products market competitiveness, therefore, the introduction of HACCP management system in China's feed production enterprises to prevent and control potential hazards, so as to produce safe and hygienic feed, to ensure the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products is imperative.
Premixed feed is the core of compound feed, which has the functions of supplementing nutrition, strengthening basic diet, promoting animal growth, improving feed quality and improving animal product quality. However, from the perspective of feed safety and hygiene, premix has: (1) There are many kinds of raw materials, wide source range, complex composition, pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and other impurities may exist; (2) the difference in dosage is very different, many materials are more toxic, and the weighing accuracy is high; (3) many materials Poor stability, need to carry out quality activity protection, there is the possibility of failure and deterioration; (4) material properties, particle size are different, mixing uniformity requirements are higher; (5) physical and chemical properties vary greatly, compatibility relationship is complex; (6) processing process It is relatively simple, mixed into a common process, most of which require secondary and multiple mixing, packaging, and the possibility of secondary cross-contamination, which greatly increases the complexity of its quality and safety control. Therefore, in the premix processing process, HACCP management technology is applied to establish an effective health management and quality control system to control and eliminate possible hazards in the production process, to ensure feed safety and improve the competitiveness of livestock and poultry products. It is very necessary.
1. Premix processing process
For the processing enterprises that produce premixes, the HACCP plan is different due to the difference in product formulation, processing conditions, production process, equipment and personnel quality, but the processing process of premix is ​​roughly the same as
2. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (CCP) to determine
The premix raw materials mainly include vitamins, trace elements, calcium hydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, carriers and diluents. Conduct hazard analysis according to the production process, investigate the possibility of biological, chemical, and physical hazards in each link, and determine whether the hazard is significant to determine the key control points.
2.1 Raw Material receiving
Premixed materials have a wide variety of raw materials, a wide range of sources, complex components, and pathogens, heavy metals, and other impurities may exist, and these hazards may not be eliminated or reduced in subsequent processing. Therefore, in the process of receiving raw materials, the procurement and quality control departments should strengthen the acceptance and management of raw materials, strictly abide by the requirements of the certificate (copy of hygiene permit, product inspection certificate), and ensure that the inspection certificate from the supplier shows various items. The health indicators meet the requirements of the raw material receiving standards set by the enterprise (the values ​​in the standards should not be lower than the national feed hygiene standards and relevant sanitary standards), and there must be reasonable sampling and testing methods, and there are evaluations of raw material suppliers. Procedures, and can regularly detect heavy metal content, drug residues, pathogenic microorganisms, etc. according to the planned frequency to ensure compliance with feed hygiene requirements.
2.2 Raw material storage
Due to the variety of raw materials for premixing, stacking should be properly planned, placed in a sorted manner to prevent mutual mixing, cross-contamination, especially cross-contamination of pharmaceutical Additives; and temperature control, moisture control, and mildew and deterioration, To cause microbial contamination, it is necessary to prevent pests such as pests, rodents and birds. If these hazards occur, the follow-up work will be difficult to eliminate.
2.3 Formulation
The premixed products produced according to the formula must be safe and reliable in the practice of feeding. If the types and/or dosages of feed pharmaceutical additives and toxic trace elements are not correct, it will directly lead to safety problems; some additives are used too much, animals Certain toxicity may occur after ingestion. Therefore, when designing the formula, the selection and use of raw materials must comply with the relevant national standards, such as the heavy metals of mineral trace elements, arsenic content regulations, banned drugs and relevant regulations of the withdrawal period, must understand the compatibility of various additives. Sexuality and incompatibility, the formula of the product must be carefully reviewed before the ingredients to ensure that the formula design is correct.
2.4 Ingredients
Accurate ingredients are the prerequisites and guarantees for the strict implementation of production formulas. Especially the accurate measurement of trace components and drug additives that have a direct impact on feed safety is very important. Once errors are not found in time, they can not be remedied in the follow-up section. Seriously affect the safety of the feed. In order to keep the safety risk within acceptable limits, the metering accuracy and proper operation of the dosing system must be guaranteed. Since most premix processing enterprises use artificial ingredients, the ingredients should be weighed according to the quantity of the formula, so that different usages can be weighed with different metering devices to ensure the accuracy of weighing. Different sampling spoons to avoid cross contamination. When the carrier and constant components are automatically compounded by computer, they should be checked with the formula first. After confirming the correctness, the ingredients should be started. The batching scale should be responsible by the special person, and the accuracy of the batching scale should be corrected regularly to prevent the batching scale from appearing errors and the ingredients exceeding the standard. And check the feeding situation of the batching bin at any time. All metering equipment should be regularly verified by an external metrology agency to ensure that the equipment is accurate and efficient.
Organic raw materials
Organic raw materials that are oil and natural gas as raw materials of petrochemical, food fermentation alcohol or solvent industry, coal gasification of raw materials and dry distillation of coal tar prepared or fractionated from a variety of organic chemical products industry. In China's organic chemical industry first coal-fired calcium carbide route, coal gasification of methanol, formaldehyde route and recovery of coal tar benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and other routes and food as raw material fermentation distillation system developed alcohol.
Basic organic chemicals used in the main raw materials are: hydrogen, carbon monoxide, aliphatic hydrocarbons (methane, ethylene, acetylene, propylene, C4 above the aliphatic hydrocarbons), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene) and so on. From the crude oil, petroleum fractions or low-alkane pyrolysis gas, refinery gas and gas, after separation treatment, can be made for different purposes of the aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstock; from the catalytic reforming of the reformed gasoline, hydrocarbon cracking pyrolysis gasoline As well as coal dry distillation of coal tar, can be separated from the aromatic feedstock; the appropriate petroleum fractions can also be used directly as raw materials for certain products; from the wet natural gas can be separated from methane other than the lower alkanes; from coal gasification and natural gas, refining The conversion or partial oxidation of the plant gas, the petroleum fraction or the crude oil can be made into syngas; the calcined calcium carbide, or the natural gas or naphtha, can be used to produce acetylene. In addition, raw materials can be obtained from agricultural and sideline products.
Organic Raw Material,Diethylene Glycol,Organic Synthetic Raw Material,Organic Chemical Raw Materials
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