One of the misunderstandings: It is safe to put on body armor on the battlefield.
This realization occurred when the body armor had just entered the market. At the time, people lacked the concept of body armor and believed that the body armor could prevent any threat to the body. In fact, the body armor is a kind of monomer protection that protects the deadly organs of the human body (mainly heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and some also include neck, shoulders, and ankles) from high-speed fragments, bullets, and other projectiles. Equipment. Among them, the predecessor is also the focus of protection, because the main face of the war is to shoot face-to-face, and sometimes by adding protective panels on the front of the chest to improve the protective performance. Moreover, each body armor has a certain degree of protection. According to the public safety industry standard GA141-2001 “General Technical Conditions for Body Armorâ€, body armor is divided into 6 levels of protection, of which the Type 64 is a type 64 7.62mm pistol (lead center) bomb that is fired by a 64-type pistol, and is class 2 Protection type 51 pistol launch 51 type 7.62mm pistol (lead) bombs, 3 protection 79 type light submachine gun 51 type 7.62mm pistol (lead) bomb, 4 protection 54 pistol launch 51-1 type 7.62 Mm steel bullets, 5 protection 79 type light submachine gun launched 7.62mm51-1 type steel bullets, 6 protection 56 type semi-automatic rifle launched 56 type 7.62mm steel bullets.
It can be seen that the main function of body armor is only to increase the survival probability of frontline combatants, and is by no means a universal product on the battlefield. Even if they put on body armor, they may be hit in places outside their protected areas and they may be hit by bullets that are higher than their protection level. Under these circumstances, the body armor would be powerless. However, body armor can indeed greatly reduce the casualties on the battlefield. According to survey statistics, the proportion of fragmented wounds on artillery, grenades, rockets, grenades, and land mines on modern battlefields has gradually increased, accounting for 67% to 75% of the total number of casualties. In fatal parts of the dead, head, chest, and abdomen were 82% to 87% of the hits far exceeded the rate of death from limbs being hit. Wearing a body armor can reduce the injury rate by 27% and the death rate by 40%.
The second mistake: Since bullet-proof vests are bulletproof, there is no problem with the puncture threat of bayonets and daggers.
This understanding is more common among users. On the surface, gun bullets can be prevented, and the threat of protective knives, sticks, etc., should be no problem. This is not the case. Because the impact of high-velocity bullets on body armor is different from that of sharp weapons, the energy dispersal of the former mainly disperses or consumes energy through warhead deformation, fiber breakage, and propagation of shock waves, and the knife pierces the body armor. Mainly rely on the shearing principle, the energy dispersion range is relatively narrow, especially the bayonet with a pointed head is more difficult to prevent. No soft body armor product on the market can pass the 900N force puncture performance test specified in the GA68-1994 standard, and it cannot achieve the dynamic 25J puncture performance stipulated in the new stab-resistant clothing standard to be issued soon. Of course, soft body armor has a certain stab-resistant effect, and its puncture resistance ability is determined according to the structure of the body armor (mainly the structural composition of the bulletproof material). To achieve the puncture-resistance standard for stab-resistant clothing, only special stab-resistant clothing should be used. At home and abroad, we are currently researching products with both bulletproof and stab-resistant effects.
Misunderstood three: quality is light
This misunderstanding stems from the misleading behavior of merchants caused by the incomplete understanding of body armor products. Some merchants advertised a certain level of protection of body armor when talking only about how light the quality, in fact, this is an irresponsible propaganda, because it does not list the protective area of ​​the product, and the jacket material of different grades on the overall quality of the body armor. Size also has a certain influence. For soft bulletproof materials, the current major series are aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, and the sources of the materials are two or three foreign manufacturers and domestic manufacturers of UHMW-PE fabrics. Therefore, the material is very much the same, the main difference is the design. The design content includes the product's protection area, insurance factor and other factors. The greater the area of ​​protection or the insurance factor, the better the quality of the body armor with the same degree of protection. As for the insurance factor, it is related to the service life of the product and the defensive ability of different killing powers caused by the instability of the bullet.
A product with a large insurance factor has sufficient capacity to prevent the deterioration of the protection performance caused by the prolonged use of materials and the aging of materials. Moreover, when the strength of bullet damage fluctuates, a product with a large coefficient of insurance can still provide sufficient ballistic performance. The standard stipulates that the muzzle velocity of a 51-style gun made by a domestic 54-style pistol is between 420 and 450 m/s, but there have been cases where the muzzle velocity has exceeded 480 m/s during the detection process; similarly, the 79-type light-launched 51-type pistol bullet The initial velocity is between 480 and 515 m/s, but there have been cases where the initial velocity is greater than 520 m/s.
Therefore, it is not comprehensive to say in general terms how light the product quality is, and it should be linked to the product's level of protection, the area of ​​protection, and the materials used.
Misunderstood four: The economical application of rigid body armor
Nowadays, there is an understanding in society that hard body armor is more economical and applicable than soft body armor. The reason is that rigid body armor has no problem of service life, and it is stable and durable. At the same time, rigid body armor is cheaper and is the same as soft product price. Half of the following. In fact, this is an incomplete understanding. Because, hard body armor is bulky, heat-conducting, does not fit with the human body and other factors lead to unwillingness of the personnel to wear, and not to wear does not mean that there is no equipment. At the same time, rigid body armor also has some defects such as rebound and jumping bullets. It is undoubtedly a potential shotgun launching source during the battle. As a result, is it not a greater waste and mistake to equip a rigid body armor? Soft products are the result of technological development and social progress. The bulletproof layer is made up of multi-layer fabric (or non-weft cloth) laminated and wrapped with dark waterproof cloth. It is suitable for all-weather use. It is of small quality and soft. Comfort is a substitute for hard body armor. Of course, in the current situation where economic development is still unbalanced and funding is tight, the provision of adequate amount of rigid body armor can also solve the pressing problem.
Misunderstanding 5: Comparison of the quality of body armor by comparing the number of penetrated layers of the live test results
At present, when comparing the pros and cons of products in the market, we mainly look at the number of penetrated layers of live test results. We do not pay much attention to other indicators. In fact, this is unscientific. The quality of bulletproof ballistic performance is mainly determined by the symbolic index of penetrating or not and its non-penetrating damage to the human body (ie, the size of the depth of the backing sag). As mentioned above, although two or three manufacturers are currently producing the main bullet-proof materials, there are many kinds of materials and the mass per unit area is not the same. The relatively low is only 98g/m2 and the relatively high 232-350g/m2. In this case, different body armor uses different materials. Is it fair to compare the number of penetrated layers? In fact, the number of penetrating layers is only the designer's consideration of the different energy dissipation modes of the body armor, and it is not much related to the quality of the product's ballistic resistance. Therefore, the only criterion for judging the ballistic protection performance of bulletproof garments should be GA141-2001 standard, to see whether the penetration or not and the depth of the depression.
If several products participating in the competition can meet the requirements of the standard, then the safety margin, ie, the ratio of the energy absorption of the unperforated material to the total energy absorption of the total structure (the formula is abbreviated) can be used to compare the anti-ballistic performance. High and low. The larger the value, the safer it is.
In practical applications, it can be roughly expressed as "the ratio of the number of unpenetrated layers to the total number of layers", that is:
γ=m/n
m: Number of bulletproof layers that have not penetrated after shelling. n: The total number of bulletproof layers of the body armor, such as the total number of layers of a body armor, is 48, and 18 layers are penetrated. The number of layers that have not penetrated is 30. The safety margin is simply 62.5%.
In addition, a more direct method to compare the level of anti-elasticity of similar products is to measure the V50 index of a certain bullet (or standard fragment) of the product, and to determine the level of performance by comparing the level of V50.
Of course, comparing the performance of body armor is not only a single indicator of ballistic performance, but also depends on the rationality of the design, the area of ​​protection, the size of the quality, the comfort of wearing, the material of the jacket, the ability to meet the requirements (such as all weather), and processing. Process and other factors.
Misunderstood six: When the actual delivery acceptance, how to detect how to detect, this product is a product that can stand the actual combat
This understanding seems reasonable, on the grounds that body armor is mainly prepared for actual combat. However, a little analysis will know that any product research, development and production are carried out according to certain standards (including national standards, standards or corporate standards). There is no basis for no standards, let alone comparison, and therefore its Testing can only be conducted in accordance with standards. Furthermore, as an industry standard for body armor, GA141-2001 is the result of many years of research results of scientific and technical workers in many related fields in China. Its provisions have fully taken into account actual combat needs, and products that meet this standard have already been Has a wide range of representative and practical applications. Therefore, product testing must be conducted in accordance with standards.
Misunderstanding 7: Body armor is capable of 100% protection against bullets of the corresponding level within the standard detection range.
Most people, even some researchers, have this understanding. Although this is the common wish of designers and users, it is not realistic. First of all, any product has a bad rate. In addition, there are many factors that affect the instability of bullets (including the structure of warheads, the amount of charges, and the performance of weapons, etc.). As a result, there is an unstable situation in the killing power. In this way, products produced according to standards are inevitably untenable. When the body armor is designed, it is only possible to increase its safety factor under the premise of satisfying the use requirements. To achieve 100% protection, all the influencing factors must be taken into consideration. For soft body armor, the amount of material must be increased, so that the product will become heavy and thick, and the wearing comfort will be greatly reduced, thus losing the original meaning of the soft body armor.
Today, with the increasing popularity of protective equipment, it is necessary to correct people's misunderstandings and to have a comprehensive understanding of it. I hope that some of the views mentioned in this article have direct or indirect reference to other human protective products.
This realization occurred when the body armor had just entered the market. At the time, people lacked the concept of body armor and believed that the body armor could prevent any threat to the body. In fact, the body armor is a kind of monomer protection that protects the deadly organs of the human body (mainly heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and some also include neck, shoulders, and ankles) from high-speed fragments, bullets, and other projectiles. Equipment. Among them, the predecessor is also the focus of protection, because the main face of the war is to shoot face-to-face, and sometimes by adding protective panels on the front of the chest to improve the protective performance. Moreover, each body armor has a certain degree of protection. According to the public safety industry standard GA141-2001 “General Technical Conditions for Body Armorâ€, body armor is divided into 6 levels of protection, of which the Type 64 is a type 64 7.62mm pistol (lead center) bomb that is fired by a 64-type pistol, and is class 2 Protection type 51 pistol launch 51 type 7.62mm pistol (lead) bombs, 3 protection 79 type light submachine gun 51 type 7.62mm pistol (lead) bomb, 4 protection 54 pistol launch 51-1 type 7.62 Mm steel bullets, 5 protection 79 type light submachine gun launched 7.62mm51-1 type steel bullets, 6 protection 56 type semi-automatic rifle launched 56 type 7.62mm steel bullets.
It can be seen that the main function of body armor is only to increase the survival probability of frontline combatants, and is by no means a universal product on the battlefield. Even if they put on body armor, they may be hit in places outside their protected areas and they may be hit by bullets that are higher than their protection level. Under these circumstances, the body armor would be powerless. However, body armor can indeed greatly reduce the casualties on the battlefield. According to survey statistics, the proportion of fragmented wounds on artillery, grenades, rockets, grenades, and land mines on modern battlefields has gradually increased, accounting for 67% to 75% of the total number of casualties. In fatal parts of the dead, head, chest, and abdomen were 82% to 87% of the hits far exceeded the rate of death from limbs being hit. Wearing a body armor can reduce the injury rate by 27% and the death rate by 40%.
The second mistake: Since bullet-proof vests are bulletproof, there is no problem with the puncture threat of bayonets and daggers.
This understanding is more common among users. On the surface, gun bullets can be prevented, and the threat of protective knives, sticks, etc., should be no problem. This is not the case. Because the impact of high-velocity bullets on body armor is different from that of sharp weapons, the energy dispersal of the former mainly disperses or consumes energy through warhead deformation, fiber breakage, and propagation of shock waves, and the knife pierces the body armor. Mainly rely on the shearing principle, the energy dispersion range is relatively narrow, especially the bayonet with a pointed head is more difficult to prevent. No soft body armor product on the market can pass the 900N force puncture performance test specified in the GA68-1994 standard, and it cannot achieve the dynamic 25J puncture performance stipulated in the new stab-resistant clothing standard to be issued soon. Of course, soft body armor has a certain stab-resistant effect, and its puncture resistance ability is determined according to the structure of the body armor (mainly the structural composition of the bulletproof material). To achieve the puncture-resistance standard for stab-resistant clothing, only special stab-resistant clothing should be used. At home and abroad, we are currently researching products with both bulletproof and stab-resistant effects.
Misunderstood three: quality is light
This misunderstanding stems from the misleading behavior of merchants caused by the incomplete understanding of body armor products. Some merchants advertised a certain level of protection of body armor when talking only about how light the quality, in fact, this is an irresponsible propaganda, because it does not list the protective area of ​​the product, and the jacket material of different grades on the overall quality of the body armor. Size also has a certain influence. For soft bulletproof materials, the current major series are aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, and the sources of the materials are two or three foreign manufacturers and domestic manufacturers of UHMW-PE fabrics. Therefore, the material is very much the same, the main difference is the design. The design content includes the product's protection area, insurance factor and other factors. The greater the area of ​​protection or the insurance factor, the better the quality of the body armor with the same degree of protection. As for the insurance factor, it is related to the service life of the product and the defensive ability of different killing powers caused by the instability of the bullet.
A product with a large insurance factor has sufficient capacity to prevent the deterioration of the protection performance caused by the prolonged use of materials and the aging of materials. Moreover, when the strength of bullet damage fluctuates, a product with a large coefficient of insurance can still provide sufficient ballistic performance. The standard stipulates that the muzzle velocity of a 51-style gun made by a domestic 54-style pistol is between 420 and 450 m/s, but there have been cases where the muzzle velocity has exceeded 480 m/s during the detection process; similarly, the 79-type light-launched 51-type pistol bullet The initial velocity is between 480 and 515 m/s, but there have been cases where the initial velocity is greater than 520 m/s.
Therefore, it is not comprehensive to say in general terms how light the product quality is, and it should be linked to the product's level of protection, the area of ​​protection, and the materials used.
Misunderstood four: The economical application of rigid body armor
Nowadays, there is an understanding in society that hard body armor is more economical and applicable than soft body armor. The reason is that rigid body armor has no problem of service life, and it is stable and durable. At the same time, rigid body armor is cheaper and is the same as soft product price. Half of the following. In fact, this is an incomplete understanding. Because, hard body armor is bulky, heat-conducting, does not fit with the human body and other factors lead to unwillingness of the personnel to wear, and not to wear does not mean that there is no equipment. At the same time, rigid body armor also has some defects such as rebound and jumping bullets. It is undoubtedly a potential shotgun launching source during the battle. As a result, is it not a greater waste and mistake to equip a rigid body armor? Soft products are the result of technological development and social progress. The bulletproof layer is made up of multi-layer fabric (or non-weft cloth) laminated and wrapped with dark waterproof cloth. It is suitable for all-weather use. It is of small quality and soft. Comfort is a substitute for hard body armor. Of course, in the current situation where economic development is still unbalanced and funding is tight, the provision of adequate amount of rigid body armor can also solve the pressing problem.
Misunderstanding 5: Comparison of the quality of body armor by comparing the number of penetrated layers of the live test results
At present, when comparing the pros and cons of products in the market, we mainly look at the number of penetrated layers of live test results. We do not pay much attention to other indicators. In fact, this is unscientific. The quality of bulletproof ballistic performance is mainly determined by the symbolic index of penetrating or not and its non-penetrating damage to the human body (ie, the size of the depth of the backing sag). As mentioned above, although two or three manufacturers are currently producing the main bullet-proof materials, there are many kinds of materials and the mass per unit area is not the same. The relatively low is only 98g/m2 and the relatively high 232-350g/m2. In this case, different body armor uses different materials. Is it fair to compare the number of penetrated layers? In fact, the number of penetrating layers is only the designer's consideration of the different energy dissipation modes of the body armor, and it is not much related to the quality of the product's ballistic resistance. Therefore, the only criterion for judging the ballistic protection performance of bulletproof garments should be GA141-2001 standard, to see whether the penetration or not and the depth of the depression.
If several products participating in the competition can meet the requirements of the standard, then the safety margin, ie, the ratio of the energy absorption of the unperforated material to the total energy absorption of the total structure (the formula is abbreviated) can be used to compare the anti-ballistic performance. High and low. The larger the value, the safer it is.
In practical applications, it can be roughly expressed as "the ratio of the number of unpenetrated layers to the total number of layers", that is:
γ=m/n
m: Number of bulletproof layers that have not penetrated after shelling. n: The total number of bulletproof layers of the body armor, such as the total number of layers of a body armor, is 48, and 18 layers are penetrated. The number of layers that have not penetrated is 30. The safety margin is simply 62.5%.
In addition, a more direct method to compare the level of anti-elasticity of similar products is to measure the V50 index of a certain bullet (or standard fragment) of the product, and to determine the level of performance by comparing the level of V50.
Of course, comparing the performance of body armor is not only a single indicator of ballistic performance, but also depends on the rationality of the design, the area of ​​protection, the size of the quality, the comfort of wearing, the material of the jacket, the ability to meet the requirements (such as all weather), and processing. Process and other factors.
Misunderstood six: When the actual delivery acceptance, how to detect how to detect, this product is a product that can stand the actual combat
This understanding seems reasonable, on the grounds that body armor is mainly prepared for actual combat. However, a little analysis will know that any product research, development and production are carried out according to certain standards (including national standards, standards or corporate standards). There is no basis for no standards, let alone comparison, and therefore its Testing can only be conducted in accordance with standards. Furthermore, as an industry standard for body armor, GA141-2001 is the result of many years of research results of scientific and technical workers in many related fields in China. Its provisions have fully taken into account actual combat needs, and products that meet this standard have already been Has a wide range of representative and practical applications. Therefore, product testing must be conducted in accordance with standards.
Misunderstanding 7: Body armor is capable of 100% protection against bullets of the corresponding level within the standard detection range.
Most people, even some researchers, have this understanding. Although this is the common wish of designers and users, it is not realistic. First of all, any product has a bad rate. In addition, there are many factors that affect the instability of bullets (including the structure of warheads, the amount of charges, and the performance of weapons, etc.). As a result, there is an unstable situation in the killing power. In this way, products produced according to standards are inevitably untenable. When the body armor is designed, it is only possible to increase its safety factor under the premise of satisfying the use requirements. To achieve 100% protection, all the influencing factors must be taken into consideration. For soft body armor, the amount of material must be increased, so that the product will become heavy and thick, and the wearing comfort will be greatly reduced, thus losing the original meaning of the soft body armor.
Today, with the increasing popularity of protective equipment, it is necessary to correct people's misunderstandings and to have a comprehensive understanding of it. I hope that some of the views mentioned in this article have direct or indirect reference to other human protective products.
Ferrite Magnet,Ceramic Magnet,Disc Ferrite Magnet
Keyli Magnetic Material Co., Ltd. , http://www.cxmagnet.com