Abstract Overview China has become the world's second largest economy and fastener manufacturing country, but it is not a strong fastener manufacturing country. China must embark on a strong manufacturing country of fasteners. If a strong country is strong, the way to strengthen itself lies in the root cause. Advanced fasteners are the basis of high-end machinery manufacturing, and their role can be called "four two dial...
Overview China has become the world's second largest economy and fastener manufacturing country, but it is not a strong fastener manufacturing country. China must embark on a strong manufacturing country of fasteners. If a strong country is strong, the way to strengthen itself lies in the root cause. Advanced fasteners are the basis of high-end machinery manufacturing, and their functions can be called "four or two." The value of fasteners on the surface only accounts for a few percent of the machinery industry. In essence, the added value it brings to key components and equipment is much higher.
At present, China's fasteners face three challenges: one is core technology, the other is intellectual property, and the third is economic affordability. Compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, there is a big gap that cannot meet the needs of high-end manufacturing. Under the "great polarization, gradient transfer" international machinery manufacturing pattern, the vicious circle of fastener products "imitation - backward - re-imitation - then backward", China's fasteners are in a difficult situation to get rid of. I don't know, there is no unique fastener technology, which can often imitate components with the same shape and dimensional accuracy, but it does not reach the long life and high reliability comparable to brand-name products. In the process of developing a strong country in machinery manufacturing, fasteners occupy a pivotal position. It is not only a "bottleneck" that restricts development, but also an important force for promoting development.
The machinery industry is one of the main users of fasteners. Due to China's late understanding of the important position of mechanical basic parts in the machinery industry, long-term lack of investment has resulted in poor foundation, weak foundation and weak strength. In particular, with the improvement of the level of China's mainframes, the bottleneck phenomenon of mechanical basic components falling behind the mainframe has become increasingly apparent. In recent years, although the state has given certain support in terms of technology introduction, technological transformation, scientific research and development, etc., compared with the current market demand and foreign level, there is still a big gap, which is manifested in: low product variety and low level. The quality is unstable, the early failure rate is high, and the reliability is poor.
Fasteners, as the main basic parts of the machinery industry, the development of the machinery industry, also put forward higher requirements for fastener products. In today's fastener market in China, some small and medium-sized fastener companies make a large number of ordinary standard parts, which do not really bring core competitiveness to enterprises. Instead, they are subject to changes in raw materials and labor costs, ranging from 4.8 to 6.8. Low-strength, or high-strength fasteners of grades 8.8 to 12.9, which are summarized as low-grade products flooding the dominant market, lack of value-added services in the value chain, flexibility in production processes and equipment, greening of products and manufacturing processes, From technical services to solving mechanical fastening solutions, digitizing products, design, manufacturing and management. China's common standard fasteners have been oversupplied, and high-end fasteners (high temperature, special-shaped, titanium-plastic composite, special properties and other fasteners) are in short supply, but also rely on imports. China's national machinery industry department lists "general standard fasteners" as restricted development products, and "high-strength special-shaped fasteners" as current encouraged development products. With the improvement of national industrialization level and technological progress, the use of high-strength fasteners has gradually increased.
1. Analysis of procurement demand for mechanical fasteners
1.1 Product demand scale
The machinery industry is China's largest industrial sector. At present, China's construction machinery sales and sales have surpassed the United States, Japan, and Germany to rank first in the world; China's construction machinery self-sufficiency rate has increased from about 60% during 2002. Up to now, over 80%, gradually realize the leap from manufacturing to creation. A large number of construction machinery products, including loaders, excavators, truck cranes, road rollers, forklifts, bulldozers, concrete machinery, etc., rank first in the world, and China has become a real world construction machinery manufacturing country. The rapid development of the machinery industry and the huge market scale provide a broad space for the development of China's fastener industry.
1.2 Major purchasing companies
Mechanical fasteners mainly serve manufacturers and machinery parts manufacturers in construction machinery, agricultural machinery, general machinery, special machinery and other industries. There are many downstream demand manufacturers. The main procurement companies are: Sany Heavy Industry, Xugong, Dalian Machine Tools, China National Machinery Industry Corporation, Shanghai Electric, Harbin, Zoomlion and so on.
1.3 Latest Purchasing Trends
With the improvement of the performance of domestic fastener products, more and more imported substitute products have emerged. Due to the relatively low price advantage of fastener products in China, more and more machinery manufacturers choose to purchase fasteners in China. Parts. At present, some exhibitions of mechanical fasteners have been formed in China, which attracted some mechanical equipment manufacturers to participate and reached a large number of purchase intentions.
2. Analysis of the supply of mechanical fasteners
The machinery industry is one of the main users of fasteners. Due to China's late understanding of the important position of mechanical basic parts in the machinery industry, long-term lack of investment has resulted in poor foundation, weak foundation and weak strength. In particular, with the improvement of the level of Chinese mainframes, the bottleneck of mechanical basic components behind the mainframe has become increasingly apparent.
In recent years, although the government has given certain support in terms of technology introduction, technological transformation, scientific research and development, etc., compared with the current market demand and foreign level, there is still a big gap, which is manifested in: less product varieties and levels. Low, unstable quality, high early failure rate and poor reliability.
2.1 Main production enterprises
There are many manufacturers of mechanical fasteners, and the competition in the industry is fierce. Among them, the production enterprises with strong comprehensive strength are: Jinyi Industrial, Shanghai Standard Five High Strength Fasteners Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Dongming Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd., Chunyu (Dongguan) Hardware Products Co., Ltd., Odak (Shanghai) Metal Products Co., Ltd., etc.
2.2 Main sales models and channels
In terms of product exports, mechanical fastener products are mainly sold to overseas end users through distributors and large retailers, and the methods of direct sales to overseas terminal customers are usually less. Manufacturers adopt marketing methods mainly to participate in internationally related fastener exhibitions and online orders to explore the international market.
In terms of domestic sales, large-scale enterprises in the industry are usually sold to end users through branches, dealers and distributors, while smaller companies in the industry mainly use OEM or dealers. Sales.
3. Development trend and prospects of mechanical fasteners
3.1 Analysis of market development trends
Compared with the international advanced level, the technical level of China's mechanical products is relatively backward, mainly in terms of product reliability, machine life, appearance quality and information technology level. These gaps are concentrated in the technical level of basic components. China's mechanical parts manufacturing enterprises have grown to several thousand, but most of the products have low technical content, and mechanical fasteners cannot enter the mainstream market of key components. It is expected that China's mechanical fasteners will present the following development trends in the future:
Mechanical fastener companies will show a cluster development. That is to say, the mechanical fastener enterprises of similar enterprises are gathered together, led by the regional fastener association, and won the competitive advantage through continuous innovation. In the clustering of mechanical fastener products, it plays an important role in private small and medium-sized enterprises. They rely on leading enterprises for OEM production; and they compete and cooperate in special fields to gradually form an industrial chain.
The machinery industry has an urgent need for the development of fasteners and performance improvement. With the large-scale technical equipment and the limitation of parameters, it is necessary to develop more new types of fasteners with high temperature resistance, high pressure, radiation resistance and corrosion resistance.
The speed of informationization is accelerating. With the further expansion of the market competition of mechanical fasteners, the emergence of enterprise information on how to effectively use and manage the overall resources of the enterprise will arise, and the integration of enterprise logistics, capital flow and information flow through ERP computer network system will be realized. Management, its core idea is to achieve the management of the "supply chain". Real-time and accurate grasp of the pulse of market demand, support enterprise grouping, cross-border operation, its main purpose is to fully allocate and balance all aspects of the enterprise resources, suitable for global economic integration, diversified customer needs, product production cycle Shortened, the market is fierce and competitive. This enables enterprises to exert their full potential in the fierce market competition, so that enterprises can achieve better economic benefits.
The leading domestic machinery industry leaders will increase the research and development of parts and components. In the field of construction machinery, the construction machinery industry association and other industry organizations also intend to let several major machine companies take the lead in setting up technical alliances to carry out technical research on key components.
The support of the national authorities for parts and components will gradually increase. The latest documents from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology show that wind turbine generators, bearings and spindle bearings, gear transmissions, yaw pitch hydraulic servo systems and sealing systems, wind turbine towers, 1.5 to 3 MW or more Large-scale high-strength fasteners, large-scale precision stamping dies for blade forming dies and motor stators and rotor parts; large-scale hydro-generator ball valves, runner blades, and relay seal systems; nuclear power plant secondary pump bearings, new nuclear power main pump three-stage Sealing devices, high-reliability nuclear power special fasteners, etc. will receive key support in the future.
3.2 Forecast of market development prospects
According to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Machinery Industry", during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the machinery industry should maintain a stable and healthy development. The annual growth rate of total industrial output value, industrial added value and main business income will remain at 10%-12. Around %, the growth of high-end equipment is more than double the average growth rate of the whole industry. At present, the supply and demand trend of the machinery industry is generally stable, but the supply and demand situation of each specific sub-sector will be further differentiated.
The high-end CNC machine tools, offshore heavy equipment, precision basic parts, power transmission and transformation equipment and electrical automatic control equipment and other mechanical sub-sectors are difficult to shorten due to their high technical barriers and manufacturing cycle, resulting in limited production capacity, and power grid construction, new energy development The acceleration has led to a sharp increase in downstream demand, so the downstream demand growth rate is faster than the supply growth rate, and the demand for fasteners in these industries remains strong.
Although the machinery sub-sectors of textile and garment machinery, packaging machinery, hardware abrasives, power supply equipment, etc. have not seen a significant increase in production capacity, due to the obvious decline in the downstream industry, the demand has shrunk severely, resulting in a situation of oversupply. Demand for parts has declined.
In the field of agricultural machinery, the total output value of a series of agricultural machinery products such as tractors, rice transplanters and harvesters during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period will reach 250 billion yuan. It is estimated that the annual demand for various fasteners will be over 150,000 tons, and the output value will be about 2 billion yuan.
In the field of construction machinery, during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the number of construction machinery loaders, excavators, road rollers and other products will reach 6 million, and the annual sales will be around 50,000. It is expected that the annual demand for high-strength fasteners 2 ~ 30,000 tons.
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