In recent years, wheat rust has caused a huge threat to global food security. At present, 85% to 90% of the world's wheat suffers from rust. In the face of the rapid spread of wheat rust, recently, the reporter interviewed experts in wheat rust at home and abroad, all said that it can resist the proliferation of wheat rust from three aspects: positioning tracking, drug prevention and control, and trial and replacement.
Global tracking rust
Dr. Dave Hodson of the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center told reporters that in the early 20th century, stem rust was once the most feared wheat rust in the world. As long as there is stem rust, the local wheat will suffer hugely. Reduce production. There are three types of wheat rust bacteria on wheat: stripe rust, stem rust, leaf rust, among which stem rust and stripe rust are the most deadly.
At present, the characteristics of rust show strong variability. Before breaking through the characteristics of some varieties before resistance, Dave Hodson said that Ug99 is a special virus, which is a huge threat to global agriculture. Monitor it to see where Ug99 is now, and it will move to that place in the future. Since the disease can be transmitted by wind and people, it needs to be monitored in real time. The current monitoring range covers 20% of the world's wheat growing areas.
Regarding the role played by the global monitoring system, any Chinese tiger from the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the National Wheat Improvement Center said that China has sent a total of 120 million Chinese major wheat varieties to Kenya for identification. Most of these varieties are foreign varieties, especially the International Wheat Improvement Center. As a big wheat producing country, the Chinese government also attaches great importance to this matter and explores what kind of measures Ug99 can take if it comes. The government and relevant departments have deployed accordingly, in areas where Ug99 may be harmful and diseases. Monitoring has done a lot of work, and there is already some preparation, so we have the corresponding way to control it and try to avoid harm.
Drug control rust
In the face of the raging wheat rust, Kang Zhensheng, director of the National Key Laboratory of Crop Adversity Biology in the Arid Region, and Professor of Northwest A&F University, believes that there are two ways to prevent and control Ug99: on the one hand, you can use the pharmacy, on the other hand, you can choose Disease resistant variety. At present, the variety of drugs for controlling Ug99 is effective. The drug variety can be achieved against the prevention and control of stripe rust and stem rust. From the perspective of cost control and emergency response, it should be said that the use of chemical control is relatively low. However, in the long run, it is still the use of resistant varieties. Although the resistant varieties are changing, we should continue to use the genes and use the resistant varieties as a continuous and effective measure.
As a major producer of pesticides in the world, China has many anti-control drugs for wheat rust. A person in charge of a domestic pesticide company said that in the key areas where wheat stripe rust is over-summer and wintering, it is necessary to control the amount of bacteria in the source base of wheat rust from the source. First, replace the variety planting. Second, use the agent to control the central diseased area and surrounding areas. Third, advocate the use of pesticide dressing to reduce the amount of bacteria. Fourth, advocate early prevention and layout. It is understood that there are many choices for domestic wheat stripe rust drugs, such as triazolone, dichlorvos and Ou Bo and other domestic drugs such as powdery fungus and cyanocin, which have good control effects on rust.
It will take time to change the variety
Insufficient funds have restricted the promotion of new varieties of wheat rust and disease resistance, Professor Ronnie Coffman of Cornell University told reporters. There are a number of donors around the world in the prevention and control of wheat rust, including the Bill Gates Foundation and the UK International Development Department, but their investment projects are in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, so the investment is not Can be used too much in Central Asia and China. China is a major wheat producing region, and because China has long-term cooperation. Faced with the common problems faced by wheat rust, we hope to find partners in Asia and China.
Replacing new varieties requires patient development and further experimentation. Researcher He Zhonghu said that wheat is now the third largest food crop in our country, with an area of ​​240,000 mu and a production of about 17% of the world. Therefore, China's wheat production is not only essential to safeguarding food security in our country, but also globally. Food security, especially global wheat security, is essential. The main diseases of wheat in China include sheath blight, powdery mildew, stripe rust, and scab. We often see the loss of variety resistance, mainly because we use the main resistance gene in breeding, and the government's investment in chemical control may be larger than breeding, so we should find a way to breed from the main gene. Go to the breeding of the micro-effect persistent resistance gene.
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