According to the British “Guardian†report, the yield per hectare of rice planted by the farmer Sumante Kurma in India’s northeastern state of Bihar is as high as 22.4 tons (approximately 2986 pounds per acre), which exceeds what Yuan Longping created. World record of 19.4 tons per hectare (see the Southern Rural News report on February 23, 10th edition). Recently, this news quickly set off in China and questioned the sound. On February 20th, Academician Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice†in China, responded: “One hundred and twenty-one percent of false guys are blowing cowskin.†Although the two sides disagreed on the yield per mu of rice, SRI (Intensive Rice Cultivation System), a technology that produces high yields, was unanimously agreed to help improve rice yield.
How much can you increase production with SRI technology?
What is SRI? The English name System of Rice Intensification, ie, the rice intensification system (or rice root system), was a new cultivation method proposed by Henride Laulanie in Madagascar in the 1980s. Zhang Shihuang, chief scientist of the National Maize Industry Technology System, introduced that SRI pursues the philosophy of “less is more†and reduces the amount of seed used for rice by transplanting seedlings, transplanting seedlings and planting seedlings in 25 cm squares to maintain proper and delicate soil moisture. Grasses achieve high yields.
In 2001, Yuan Longping introduced this technology to China and conducted experiments in Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Chongqing, Zhejiang Province, Guizhou Province, and Shanghai. He initially concluded that rice production is “low yielding†compared to traditional high-yield cultivation. Local production can increase by 10%-15%, which is impossible in high-yielding areas."
Sichuan is at the forefront of SRI technology promotion. Yan Huaming, a villager of Liandun Village, Yuexing Town, Meishan City, was interviewed. Under the current conditions of water and fertilizer, 800 kg per mu has become the output limit for using SRI technology. “More, lodging. The possibility will increase and the possibility of sheath blight will increase."
Yuan Longping stated that the key to successful application of SRI is to do a good job of increasing the delivery and strengthening of the root system. Another key technology is the discontinuous formation of water layer in paddy fields. An important finding of SRI is that rice is not a aquatic plant. Although it can survive under flood conditions, it is difficult to grow. In the tillering and long-leaf stages, the soil need only be kept moist. In the reproductive growth stage, a thin layer of 1-2 cm of water should be established. This not only allows more oxygen to enter the soil and reach the roots, promotes plant growth, but also prevents soil moisture. When it is saturated, rice roots need to deepen to seek moisture.
The promotion of the concept is a bottleneck
A reporter from the Southern Rural Daily News learned from the Grain Department of the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Center that since 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture has organized and implemented “super rice demonstration and promotion†projects in 12 key provinces and cities across the country. The first item proposed is the rice enhancement. Cultivation Techniques.
Mao Guojuan, an extension researcher of the Crop Management Bureau of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, said that since 2002, the province has organized SRI research and demonstration work to achieve significant results, which can achieve the characteristics of “increased production, reduced costs, and environmental friendlinessâ€. However, in the practical application of the technology, it showed a strong ambiguity. Many demonstration farmers responded that “the output is almost the sameâ€, “the effect is not as good as the publicity,†and “the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is almost the same as before.â€
Zhou Shaochuan, director of the rice research institute of the Rice Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the SRI technology is comparable to conventional rice cultivation, “the gap is in re-fertilization and precision,†and SRI technology is suitable for use in areas that are highly valued in agriculture and is now widespread in agricultural production. Extensive management does not coincide, and the whole is more sophisticated than conventional planting techniques. However, the price of rice in recent years is not high, and intensive cultivation is not enough power to promote it.
Feng Zhenqiang from Niujiang Town, Enping City, Guangdong Province has many years of experience in rice cultivation. Now he has planted more than 100 acres. He said he is not optimistic about the system of strengthening rice roots. “It is denser to plant rice in Guangdong, and more than 20,000 plants are planted in general. According to the scale of 25 centimeters by 25 centimeters, about 10,000 plants will be planted on an acre of land, which is twice as much.†SRI technology requires high fertilizers and must be applied throughout the process. "Although organic fertilizers can increase production, they need to be applied completely or in large quantities, and large-scale applications will be difficult to implement. Moreover, with more organic fertilizers, the incidence of diseases and pests will also increase, and it will be more time consuming." said Feng Zhenqiang. .
Huang Qing, director of the rice cultivation department at the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that SRI's technical philosophy is good, but it is not suitable for use in the Guangdong region in actual promotion. “As a special intensive cultivation method, the low-mu production areas that hardly speak of agricultural technology can indeed increase production, but the effect is very limited for high-producing areas where intensive cultivation is traditionally done in China.†The characteristics of the root system for strengthening cultivation lie in the use of rare plants, which are sparsely planted in lands of high soils in Guangdong Province. The farmers believe that they are wasteful and irrational use of the land, and that although the single planting can save a certain amount of seeds, In reality, it does not compound farmers' planting psychology and planting habits. At the same time, Huang Qing said that even with the use of rice sparse planting, 16 square meters of 1 square meter, due to a short production cycle in two seasons, it is difficult to achieve the effect of increasing production.
Tang Xiangru, a professor of Crop Cultivation Science at the Agricultural College of South China Agricultural University, said that SRI technology has been introduced for more than 10 years, but it is not very good in China. “Labor shortage is the main reason.†This technology requires more manpower and time, but In rural areas, the shelling is serious and the labor force is tight. “This technology can increase production, but the yield increase is not large. Farmers do not have to increase their enthusiasm for labor input.â€
After the improvement is expected to be used for organic rice
In 2003, the Ministry of Agriculture formally supported the research of the SRI system and organized the National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center and China National Rice Research Institute to carry out SRI technology research. Due to the great differences in ecological conditions in various parts of China, through research in Sichuan, Guizhou, and Guangdong provinces and cities, we have developed improved rice cultivation techniques suitable for various regions.
Huang Qing said that in the actual planting, can be appropriately modified, such as the appropriate increase in planting density. In addition, in addition to expert guidance, farmers themselves will be more inclined to choose one or two branches of technology based on their own land, labor, etc., rather than using the entire set of recommended "technology packages." Among them, the dry seedling technology in SRI technology has been effectively promoted.
SRI's technical requirements are high, labor costs are high, and farmers' acceptability is not high. Where exactly can they work?
According to Zhang Shihuang, "In essence, SRI belongs to the integrated management technology of organic agriculture, and its advantage is to achieve low-cost, sustainable agricultural production combined technology, and to achieve province-level, provincial-fertility, water-saving, low-input and high-output." In the article "How India's Rice Satellites Go Up to Earth," it is also pointed out: "For the use of green organic foods as a selling point, consumers are willing to pay high prices for special supply commodities. It is appropriate for such paddy fields to use SRI to increase production."
It can be seen that SRI technology is expected to find its place on organic rice. “The output of organic rice is low, and the efficiency is poor. The yield per mu is only 400 pounds. The effect of SRI technology to increase production meets the demand for organic rice.†Tang Xiangru introduced. However, he also stated that the constraints of the labor force and the requirements for intensive cultivation may affect the application of the technology in organic agriculture. Afterwards, the reporter interviewed a number of organic rice producers in Shandong, Heilongjiang and Guangxi, but they all stated that they do not understand the technology and SRI wants to rank among high-end agricultural products (5.89, -0.05, -0.84%). There is still a long way to go. To go.
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