Abstract A groundbreaking study led by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) has recently revealed that researchers from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Technology (AIST) and the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) have successfully developed high-voltage vacuum power switches and conducted successful tests. This innovative technology utilizes diamond semiconductor materials, marking a world-first achievement in the field of power electronics.
The project, which focuses on solving fundamental engineering challenges, was jointly developed by Daisuke Takeuchi, a senior research scientist at AIST, and Satoshi Koizumi, a principal researcher at NIMS. Their work is part of a broader effort to integrate renewable energy sources into Japan's national grid and enhance grid intelligence through advanced power conversion technologies.
One of the major hurdles in developing compact, controllable power devices has been the limitations of traditional silicon-based power switches, especially when it comes to handling ultra-high voltages. Researchers found that vacuum-based systems offer superior dielectric strength compared to solid-state semiconductors. Inspired by this, they turned their attention to vacuum power switches as a promising alternative.
To make vacuum power switches functional, scientists needed an efficient way to pass current through a vacuum. In their experiments, they discovered that coating the surface of diamond with hydrogen atoms significantly enhanced electron emission. This made diamond semiconductor an ideal candidate for use as an electron source in vacuum power switches. During testing, the device operated smoothly at 10 kV, suggesting that if it can withstand 100 kV, it could enable the creation of power conversion systems that are ten times smaller than current models.
This breakthrough has significant implications for Japan’s energy strategy, particularly in leveraging offshore wind energy across its many islands. By enabling more efficient energy conversion, the technology supports the country’s transition toward a smarter, greener power grid. (Based on "High-Voltage Vacuum Power Switch for Smart Power Grids: World’s First Successful Power Switch Using Diamond Semiconductor"; Translation: Wang Xian)
One of the major hurdles in developing compact, controllable power devices has been the limitations of traditional silicon-based power switches, especially when it comes to handling ultra-high voltages. Researchers found that vacuum-based systems offer superior dielectric strength compared to solid-state semiconductors. Inspired by this, they turned their attention to vacuum power switches as a promising alternative.
To make vacuum power switches functional, scientists needed an efficient way to pass current through a vacuum. In their experiments, they discovered that coating the surface of diamond with hydrogen atoms significantly enhanced electron emission. This made diamond semiconductor an ideal candidate for use as an electron source in vacuum power switches. During testing, the device operated smoothly at 10 kV, suggesting that if it can withstand 100 kV, it could enable the creation of power conversion systems that are ten times smaller than current models.
This breakthrough has significant implications for Japan’s energy strategy, particularly in leveraging offshore wind energy across its many islands. By enabling more efficient energy conversion, the technology supports the country’s transition toward a smarter, greener power grid. (Based on "High-Voltage Vacuum Power Switch for Smart Power Grids: World’s First Successful Power Switch Using Diamond Semiconductor"; Translation: Wang Xian)
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