Feed additives are substances added in small quantities during the production, processing, and use of animal feed. Though used in minimal amounts, they have a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of the feed. These additives are essential components in modern feed manufacturing, playing a key role in enhancing the nutritional value of basic feeds, improving animal performance, supporting health, reducing feed costs, and improving the quality of animal products.
With the rapid expansion of aquaculture, the development and application of growth-promoting additives have also advanced significantly, with more diverse types and broader resource availability. Today, various growth-enhancing additives are available on the market, including enzyme preparations, functional peptides, acidifiers, antioxidants, and even some nanotechnology-based products. Each of these has unique benefits that contribute to different aspects of livestock and poultry growth. However, every type of animal has its own growth patterns, and each developmental stage comes with specific physiological and nutritional requirements. Therefore, the effective development and use of feed additives must be tailored to meet the particular needs of animals at specific growth stages. Similarly, each additive should be applied at the optimal time to maximize its function. For example, a banned product like lean meat essence was used during the muscle-building phase of fattening pigs to boost protein synthesis and reduce fat accumulation. This highlights the potential for growth promotion during the later stages of animal development.
Most enzyme preparations are typically added during the early growth phase of animals to compensate for insufficient digestive enzyme secretion in young animals, thereby improving digestion and nutrient absorption. However, research has shown that adding similar enzymes during the fast-growth period can yield equally positive results. This may be due to the fact that diets during the late fattening stage are often rich in nutrients such as proteins and fats, which exceed the natural digestive capacity of the animals. As a result, nutrient absorption becomes limited, preventing animals from reaching their full growth potential. Adding proteases, lipases, or amylases at this stage can enhance nutrient digestion, leading to improved growth performance. Thus, feed additives should not only be used in early development but also at critical times during the late growth and fattening phases to meet the high nutritional demands of animals and optimize their growth.
In addition, while individual additives offer certain nutritional benefits, no single additive can fully meet the complex needs of livestock and poultry. Both theoretical studies and practical applications show that combining multiple additives can lead to synergistic effects, achieving results greater than the sum of their parts. For instance, xylanase breaks down xylan in the gut, reducing chyme viscosity and allowing proteases and lipases to work more effectively. Functional peptides, when absorbed, can activate immune responses and improve antioxidant capacity, thus maintaining healthy intestinal function and promoting better nutrient absorption.
Animals operate as a balanced system, where all components interact and influence one another. A new generation of compound feed additives can deliver growth-promoting effects comparable to those of substances like clenbuterol, provided they are used at the right time and under the right conditions. This underscores the importance of understanding animal physiology and tailoring additive use to support optimal growth throughout the entire production cycle.
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