At present, many farmers have already harvested their pears, and the orchards are being cleared. To ensure high-quality and high-yield pear trees in the upcoming season, farmers should immediately apply fruit fertilizer after the orchard is cleared. This type of fertilizer is known as base fertilizer, or sometimes referred to as reducing fertilizer.
The timing and amount of base fertilizer application directly affect the yield and quality of pears in the following year. First, base fertilizer serves as the primary source of nutrients for pear trees throughout their growth cycle, making up the largest portion of total fertilizer needs. From September to November, pear tree roots enter a second growth peak, making this an ideal time for fertilization. During this period, fertilizers break down more quickly, allowing new roots to absorb and store essential nutrients effectively.
Additionally, prolonged nutrient absorption helps increase cell sap concentration, improving the tree’s ability to withstand winter conditions. The effects of base fertilizer are most effective during the critical nutrient period of pear trees, which occurs between April and May, ensuring higher nutrient utilization rates. Early nutrient uptake also enhances flower bud development, improving both flower bud quality and fruit set, while increasing sugar content in the fruit.
Moreover, applying base fertilizer in autumn helps avoid issues like spring shoot overgrowth, which can lead to frost damage. To make the most of base fertilizer application, farmers should consider the following steps:
First, choose the best time for fertilization. Base fertilizer can be applied from post-harvest until the start of spring, but the optimal time is in autumn, particularly when the soil is still warm—ideally between September and November.
Second, use high-quality organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer not only improves soil structure and fertility but also reduces the fixation of inorganic fertilizers in the soil, thereby enhancing nutrient availability. A typical recommendation is to apply about 100 kg of compost or animal manure per tree, along with 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. Alternatively, 10–30 kg of bio-organic or high-energy compound fertilizer can be used. Base fertilizer should account for approximately 60%–70% of the annual fertilizer requirement for pear trees.
Third, apply the fertilizer using flexible methods depending on tree age and local practices. Common techniques include ring-shaped application for young fruit-bearing trees, root-directional fertilization, ditching between rows, and deep digging. These methods can be alternated annually to prevent nutrient depletion and maximize efficiency. It is also recommended to apply the fertilizer deeply, ideally 30–50 cm into the soil, especially during autumn and winter. In dry conditions, timely irrigation should accompany fertilization to ensure proper water and nutrient absorption.
By following these guidelines, farmers can significantly improve the health and productivity of their pear trees, leading to better yields and higher-quality fruit in the coming season.
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