1 careful management and timely replenishment of feed can avoid oxidative stress and reduced production performance
With the increasing frequency of distiller's protein feed in feed, does the herd still have the best production performance? The distiller's grain protein feed (DDGS) preparation was once considered to be a low-quality pig feed, but with the new processing technology and sound quality control measures in recent years, more consistent nutrients are created, so that pigs can be better planned. Group diet.
2 distiller's protein feed level and pig health
In some markets, the content of distiller's protein feed in pregnant materials is 40%, 20% in mammals, and 30% or more in growing fertilizers. “The formulation of dietary protein content in the feed should be based on digestible amino acids and digestible phosphorus,†said Hansstein, a pig nutrition promoter from the University of Illinois. He added: "In general, if 0.1% crystalline lysine is added to the feed, then 10% of the distiller's protein feed can replace about 4.25% of soybean meal and 5.7% of corn." According to Stein, distiller's egg protein When the feed content of the feed is 20%, it can be used for nursery pigs, fattening pigs and sow feed, and when the content of the ingredients is 40%, it can be used as feed for pregnant sows. “According to the good performance on the pig body, the mixing ratio of the feed is based on digestible amino acids,†Stein said. “A larger mixing ratio is possible, but it does not always maximize the production of pigs. Performance." Under the pressure of raw material costs, 30% or more of the fertilizer has become more and more common. But with the increasing frequency of distiller's protein feed in feed, does the herd still have the best production performance? “We have conducted field visits to producers who lost 4.54-6.80 kg during growth and development. They all increased the level of distiller's protein feed and extended it to about 1 week to use higher levels of distiller's protein feed.†Dr. Lawrence Lawrence, Novus International Technical Services Manager. “It has also been reported that a high level of distiller's protein feed during pregnancy and a miscarriage often occurs with certain vaccines, while hoof lesions during the fattening period are also affected by high levels of distiller's protein feed. The most common report is sow feeding. When the high level of distiller's protein feed, the incidence of morbid heart disease in piglets increases.
3 Why are there such symptoms?
When pigs consume secondary oxidation products and feed intake decreases, additional problems arise because the nutritional needs can no longer be met. From the three research evaluations of researchers at Kansas State University, it can be concluded that feed intake and flavor affect the food of distiller's grains and feed into growing pigs. Regardless of their source, as long as the distiller's protein feed is added to the feed, it will cause mining. The decline in food intake. Although the metabolizable energy value of the distiller's protein feed seems to be comparable to that of corn, even if the distiller's grain protein feed only accounts for a very low proportion in the feed, the feed consumption may ultimately affect the pig's growth performance. Reduced feed intake leads to a decline in the consumption of vital nutrients that should be properly consumed, and the consumption of these substances helps the body regulate and control oxidative stress, ultimately resulting in free radical compounds produced by oxidative stress. The amount exceeds the body's natural detoxification ability.
4 changes in cellular fatty acid distribution
The growth of a pig is related to what it eats, or at least to the distribution of fatty acids. In fact, one of the most common problems is that producers use distiller's protein feed because they pay more attention to iodine prices. Iodine is an indicator of the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the corpus callosum. “Today, the content of distiller's protein feed in pregnant materials is 40%, 20% in mammals, and 30% or more in growing fertilizers.†Unsaturated fatty acids are more susceptible to oxidation. From the 30% distiller's protein feed, 3% of corn oil is extracted as feed, and the cell membrane is more susceptible to oxidative damage than the feed of typical corn-soybean feed. When these cell membranes are destroyed, the body's energy and amino acids will repair and replace these cells, a loss that is not known to most people. This repair process is not conducive to the growth of the body, thus reducing the rate of return on feed and increasing production costs .
5 control the level of vitamin E
Vitamin E is the key to maintaining an oxidative balance. Recent studies have shown that sows fed an unstable mixed animal and animal fat will supplement the body with an antioxidant. Adding 0.23 kg of this fat per ton will increase serum vitamin E levels by 25%. It is generally believed that vitamin E and selenium together constitute the first line of defense. The level of vitamin E in pigs is affected by the “vitamin E cycleâ€, while selenium is involved in the “vitamin E cycleâ€. Vitamin E and selenium deficiency are common in mulberry heart disease in weaned and unweaned piglets, which is often associated with feeding high doses of distiller's protein feed. Feeding high doses of distiller's protein feed requires attention to maintaining vitamin E levels. The pig industry in North America uses organic selenium to increase selenium levels in piglets. Increasing selenium content in milk increases selenium intake in unbroken piglets and stores a certain amount of selenium in the tissue to prepare for the subsequent weaning period. Analysis has shown that feeding high doses of distiller's protein feed reduces selenium levels in lactation.
6 reduce the risk of sulfur antagonists
Due to the influence of the production process, the sulphur protein feed has a sulfur content of at least three times that of corn. High levels of sulfur in distiller's protein feeds reduce the uptake and absorption of copper and selenium. The organic copper in high quality organic mineral supplements can be stable and easily absorbed in the pH environment of the intestines. Organic forms of selenium are critical to maintaining the balance of the pig's redox system. Selenium is the metal active center of glutathione peroxidase, which converts hydrogen peroxide into a compound that is harmless to the body. Studies have shown that feeding selenium-enriched yeast at a concentration of 0.3 mg/kg to lactating sows can increase the selenium content in milk to 0.04 mg/kg.
7 The risk of mycotoxins is magnified?
There is evidence that the concentration of mycotoxins in distiller's protein feed may be three times higher than the grain itself. Current research indicates that aflatoxin can severely affect liver oxidative markers and levels of vitamin E in the blood. When the mycotoxin in the distiller's protein feed is concentrated and the content of distilled grains in the diet reaches 30%-60%, the amount of mycotoxins consumed daily will increase sharply, posing a great threat to pigs. Many mycotoxins are converted in the liver. Ingestion of mycotoxins produces free radicals that affect the oxidative balance in pigs. Harper et al. found that the use of clay balancing agents alone or a synthetic antioxidant can increase vitamin E levels when aflatoxin is used. Studies have shown that even if a product has been used up, but the mycotoxin remains, the animal is still likely to take up enough toxins that affect the oxidative balance and health. The best way to deal with mycotoxins is to use products that minimize mycotoxin intake and use antioxidants that increase vitamin E levels.
8 continuous monitoring
The economic situation has driven the use of distiller's protein feed in all aspects of pork production. The benefits of using distiller's protein feed cannot be ignored, but the need for more careful management and the use of necessary additives will reduce the cost. . One of the most important risks of feeding high-dose distiller's protein feed is the disruption of the oxidative balance by mycotoxins, which convert fatty acids in tissues into more unsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of selenium and copper. Achieving and maintaining an oxidative balance requires the development of a corresponding pig nutrition program for specific feeding conditions and feed ingredients.
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