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According to reports from the American Physicists Organization Network, recently, Cambridge University scientists have developed a new method called "collective osmotic shock (COS)" to produce porous nanomaterials, which can greatly increase the manufacturing efficiency in water. Resource filtering, lighting device manufacturing and chemical sensors have broad application prospects. The new study was published in "Natural Materials Science."
People used to think that to make porous materials, there must be main and auxiliary components. The auxiliary components must be connected to the main components, and must be connected to the outside world. This facilitates the removal. After the auxiliary components are removed, holes are left on the main material. In the new method, the excipient ingredients are completely packed into the main ingredient to form an array, and the use of the permeation force and structure of the auxiliary material to form nanopores is more efficient and flexible.
The author of the paper, Essen Sivania of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, said: "This method is like putting a saltwater balloon in a freshwater bath in a chemistry class and demonstrating how salt can be removed from the balloon. Salt cannot leave the balloon, but the water will continue to enter, diluting the salinity of the balloon continuously. As more water enters, the balloon will rise or even burst, and the salt will be completely released.â€
“This is basically the same in our experiments. Excipients are trapped in the composition of the main material, resulting in a series of tiny bursts, which in turn communicate with the outside world and release the ingredients contained in the auxiliary material, opening many holes in the main material. “Sivania says that this unique process can also be used to develop filters that remove very tiny dye particles from the water.†At present, this is an effective filtration system that can help poor countries to obtain fresh water. It can also be used to filter groundwater and remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. With further development, it can also become a seawater desalination route with low technology and low energy consumption.
Researchers also collaborated with photonics and optoelectronic experts to make electrode templates from materials made with new processes for use in light emitting devices. Due to the unique stacked array of micropores, the material provides a highly efficient multiphotonic layer that absorbs trace chemicals and changes color, and can be used in sensors or optical components. Sivania also pointed out that they are still further developing the technology in a variety of applications, such as solar cells, super capacitor electrodes, fuel cells and so on.
Due to features such as low density, high strength, light weight, sound insulation and other continuous dielectric materials, porous materials have always been favored by material scientists. Coupled with the special properties of nanomaterials, nanoporous materials have become a hot topic for scientists. However, the process for preparing nanoporous materials in the past is complicated and expensive, and not only the nanopores are formed by removing the small components in the material by the conventional method, but also the small component materials must be taken into account and the multiple heavy metal components must be used. The new method greatly simplifies the preparation method and greatly reduces the cost, which undoubtedly paves the way to the application for this special material that is widely used. (Reporter Chang Lijun)
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