Lettuce is more common in the market, and there are more plants. Today, I will share with you the cultivation methods and time of lettuce, and the field management of lettuce.
The cultivation time of lettuce should be based on local climatic conditions, variety characteristics, facility conditions and annual planting arrangements to develop suitable lettuce planting time. The lettuce in the Yangtze River Valley is exposed to winter, mainly in spring lettuce. It is usually planted in the autumn of September-October in the fall of the year. The seedlings are planted with 5-6 leaves in 40-50 days. The winter can be safely wintered. The leaves are grown in sufficient time, and high yields can be obtained from April to May.
First, the cultivation environment of lettuce
1, lettuce is a semi-hardy vegetable, like cold, slightly resistant to frost, fear of high temperatures, poor growth in the hot season.
2. Lettuce is a long-day crop with sufficient light. Sensitive to the acid-base reaction of the soil, suitable for planting in slightly acidic soils.
3. The roots of lettuce are shallow, the absorption can be weak, and the oxygen requirement is high. The soil for planting lettuce is better with sandy loam and loam.
Second, the field management of lettuce cultivation
The spring lettuce is overwintered with seedlings. The growth in the early stage is slow, and the amount of fertilizer needed is small. After planting, a thin manure water is poured. If the intercropping cannot be applied to the base fertilizer, the 1-2 times should be added to the manure during the year, and the application of 1000-1500 kg per mu. In combination with cultivating and sloping soil, it promotes root growth. Control the fertilizer and water before winter, avoid the lengthening, enhance the cold resistance, and safely winter. After the spring, the stems and leaves grow rapidly. After entering the rosette period, the soil is ploughed in time, the soil temperature is increased, and the topdressing is combined with the topdressing. After the plant is closed, the stem hypertrophy is accelerated, and the amount of fertilizer is needed. The fertilizer is applied 2-3 times, and the total amount of human excrement is 2000-3000 kg or urea 30-40 kg to ensure the stem is swollen. Fertilization should not be too late to avoid cracking of the stem.
Third, lettuce planting time
1. Choose good varieties, germination at low temperature, and cultivate strong seedlings. Choose high-yield products with high heat resistance, slow response to sunlight, and difficult to twitch, such as special heat-resistant white lettuce. Seedlings were planted in late June, and the seedbed was selected in a place with high dryness and fertile soil. Soaking seeds before germination to promote germination. The method is to soak the seeds in water for 24 hours, remove them and wash them, put them in a refrigerator with gauze, and treat them for 4 hours at -3 degrees Celsius to -5 degrees Celsius, and put the seeds that have formed ice into the cool place indoors, let them Gradually melted and sown after 3-5 days of seed 80% whitening. It is also possible to hang the soaked seeds in the well and germination at 30 cm from the water surface. After the seeds are germinated, a small amount of fine sand is uniformly sown, and 2-3 g per square meter is planted. After sowing, cover the nutrient fine soil, and cover the shading net on the surface to make up the bottom water. The small arch scaffolding above the kneading surface covers the shading net and the agricultural film, and the sunshade moisturizes and promotes the seedling. After emergence, remove the surface shade net and sprinkle the fine soil to stabilize the seedlings. The sunshade net on the scaffolding was cleared at 8 am after the morning and was removed after 5 pm. Cloudy days are not covered, and rainy weather and rain film are covered in time. After 2 true leaves, gradually reduce the coverage time, and pay attention to the prevention and control of underground pests and snails. The seedlings are transplanted at 22-25 days old.
2, reasonable close planting, sunshade and moisturizing. After the 4-5 pieces of true leaves of lettuce seedlings are unfolded in the middle and late July, they are transplanted with soil in the evening or cloudy days. The average row spacing is 33 cm and the plant spacing is 30 cm. Pay attention to the grading and transplanting of large and small seedlings, pour the living water after planting, cover the shade net on the large scaffolding, and promote the slow seedling.
3, apply enough base fertilizer, timely topdressing. Lettuce from planting to harvesting for more than one month, if the lack of fertilizer, the plant will grow poorly, prone to premature convulsions, yield and quality decline, so the base fertilizer should be sufficient. In general, 2500-3000 kg of manure and manure are used, or 1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure, and 45-30 kg of 45% NPK compound fertilizer. Let the lettuce grow up 1-2 times with dilute manure after waking up the water to promote seedling growth. When the fleshy stem begins to expand after the rosette period, combined with watering, 15-20 kg of urea per acre is applied.
4. Harvest at the right time. When the lettuce leaf is at the same level as the tip of the highest leaf, the upper eye can be harvested. The average mu yield is 1800-2000 kg, and the income is about 3,000 yuan.
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