How to choose the type of fire detector

Fire is influenced by the type of combustible material, the nature of the fire, the distribution of flammable substances, the conditions at the fire site, the weight of the fire load, the availability of fresh air, and ambient temperature. Typically, the development of a fire can be divided into four stages: **Early Stage**: The fire has not yet fully developed, but there is some smoke present with little to no heat or visible flames. At this point, there is minimal damage. **Initial Stage**: The fire starts to grow, with an increase in both smoke and temperature. A visible flame may appear, and some minor damage begins to occur. **Mid-Stage**: The fire is now fully developed, with high temperatures and rapid combustion. This stage leads to significant material loss and increased risk. **Late Stage**: The fire has spread widely, making it more difficult to control and causing extensive damage. Based on these fire characteristics, selecting the right type of detector is crucial. Here’s a detailed guide for choosing the appropriate fire detection system: **Smoke Detectors** are highly effective during the early and initial stages of a fire. They are ideal for areas where early warning is critical, especially when the fire starts with a smoldering phase—producing a lot of smoke but very little heat or flame. For example, fires involving cotton, fabric, or paper often begin this way, making smoke detectors a great choice. However, smoke detectors are not suitable for all environments. They should not be used in places where smoke is normally present, such as kitchens or areas with dust, water vapor, or liquid particles. They are also ineffective in fast-spreading fires that produce very little smoke, or in explosive environments. Both ionization and photoelectric smoke detectors function similarly, but they have distinct differences. Ionization detectors are sensitive to tiny particles that are invisible to the human eye, such as paint fumes or the smell of burnt materials. Even large molecules can trigger them. However, they are less stable in high wind speeds (over 6 m/s) and have a shorter lifespan compared to photoelectric detectors. For fires that emit strong flame radiation with minimal smoke and heat—such as those involving light metals or their compounds—photo-sensitive detectors are recommended. However, they should not be used in areas where smoke appears before the flame spreads, or where the detector lens might get easily contaminated, like in welding zones or near X-ray sources. **Heat Detectors** are effective for early warnings during the initial and mid-stages of a fire. They are reliable and not affected by non-fire-related smoke or fumes. Heat detectors are particularly useful in environments where smoke detectors cannot be used, such as dusty, humid, or high-humidity areas (over 95% relative humidity). However, they are not suitable for locations where smoldering fires might occur, as they respond to temperature changes rather than smoke. There are two main types of heat detectors: **constant-temperature** and **differential-temperature**. Constant-temperature detectors are more stable and can handle larger temperature changes, but they may allow more damage before triggering. They should not be used in areas below 0°C. Differential-temperature detectors are better for early detection, as they respond to the rate of temperature increase. However, if the fire develops too slowly, they may not activate in time. Overall, constant-temperature detectors are generally more reliable in most situations. In many cases, using multiple types of detectors together is the best approach. For instance, combining smoke and heat detectors is ideal for large computer rooms, cleanrooms, or areas with fire shutters. In environments where fires spread quickly and generate a lot of smoke, heat, and flame radiation—such as oil fires—using three types of detectors (smoke, heat, and flame) is recommended to ensure maximum safety and early detection.

Island Light

Island Light is a type of Pendant Light commonly used over the central island in a kitchen or over a long table in a dining room. It typically has multiple bulbs to provide sufficient light to illuminate the entire area. Island Lights come in a wide variety of designs, ranging from traditional pendant styles to modern, industrial, or artistic designs. Island Lights not only provide light but can also serve as a decorative element in a room.

Chandelier Light is a commonly used lighting decoration on the island of a restaurant, which can not only meet the lighting function, but also serve as the main focal point decoration of the restaurant. The Island Light is made of a variety of materials, such as crystal, glass, metal, etc., and has a variety of design styles, which can be matched according to your preferences and the overall style of the restaurant. As a rule of thumb, a gap of 72 cm to 90 cm between the edge of the Lighting Fixture and the surface of the island is optimal. Small islands (1.2 to 1.5 m long) are usually suitable for two medium-sized Island Light or a large Island Light. As for the larger islands, three medium-sized or two larger Island Light can be handled.

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