Electric power is transmitted by first boosting the electricity generated by a generator using a transformer, and then sending it through transmission lines via control devices like circuit breakers. Transmission lines are generally categorized into overhead lines and underground cables. Overhead lines are constructed using towers, conductors, and insulators, and they run above ground level. On the other hand, underground lines are installed beneath the surface or underwater using cables. Overhead lines are typically easier to install and maintain, making them more cost-effective. However, they are vulnerable to environmental factors such as strong winds, lightning strikes, and pollution. They also require significant land space and can generate electromagnetic interference. In contrast, underground lines avoid these issues, but they come with higher installation and maintenance costs. Fault detection and repairs on underground lines can be more challenging and time-consuming. Despite these drawbacks, overhead transmission remains the most commonly used method due to its efficiency and lower cost. Underground lines are primarily utilized in urban areas or regions where overhead lines are impractical, such as near water bodies or in densely populated zones. As technology advances, the use of underground lines may increase, especially in places where minimizing visual impact and environmental disruption is a priority.
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