Hard water softening: 1. Precipitation: lime, soda ash treatment, so that the water Ca2 +, Mg2 precipitation generated precipitation, filtered to obtain soft water, of which manganese, iron plasma can be removed. 2. (2) Sodium hexametaphosphate: Na4 [Na2 (P03) 6] + Ca2 + → Na4 [Ca (P03) 6] + 2Na + (3) Na3PO4: 3CaSO4 + 2Na3PO4 → Ca3 (PO) 4 ↓ + 3Na2SO4 ) Acetic Acid Derivatives (EDTA) of the amine: chelate with Ca2 +, Fe2 + and Cu2 + ions 3. Ion exchange method (demineralized water equipment): (1) Principle: A mixed gel is formed with inorganic or organic substances to form the exchange agent Nuclear, surrounded by two different layers, the electric double layer of water, ion exchange occurs after the passage of water. Cation exchangers: H +, Na + solids and Ca + ,,,,,,,, Mg2 + ion exchange anion exchangers: containing alkaline genes, with anion exchange (2) Common exchangers: a zeolite: hydration Sodium aluminum silicate Na2O · Z + Ca (HCO3) → CaO · Z + 2NaHCO3 Na2O · Z + CaSO4 → CaO · Z + Na2SO4 b. Sulfonated coal: 2Na (K) + CaSO4 → Ca (K) 2 + NaSO4 2H (K) + CaSO4 → Ca (K) 2 + NaSO4 c. Ion exchange resin 4. Electrodialysis: DC power supply as a motivation, so that the water ions selectively through the resin exchange membrane to obtain soft water. 5. Magnetization: make the water flow through a magnetic field, calcium, magnesium salts reduce the gravitation between molecules, difficult to produce hard scale
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