In modern large-scale livestock and poultry breeding production, people generally add antibiotics, hormones and chemical synthetic drugs to livestock and poultry feed, but the long-term use of these substances causes the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, drug residues of animal products and environmental pollution. It is a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the development and use of new drug feed additives has received increasing attention. Chinese herbal medicine feed additives have the unique advantages of promoting the growth and health care of livestock and poultry, and because of their toxic and side effects, no residue and no drug resistance, they are increasingly valued by Chinese livestock workers. This paper reviews the characteristics, types, mechanism of action, application status, existing problems, formulation principles and future development trends of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives.
1 characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives
Compared with other feed additives, Chinese herbal medicine feed additives have the following characteristics:
1.1 Natural
Chinese herbal medicines take automatic, plant, mineral and their products, maintaining the natural state and biological activity of various structural components. At the same time, they have been preserved and harmless to humans and animals through long-term practice screening of human and animal bodies. Accepted exogenous essentials.
1.2 toxic side effects small
The Chinese herbal medicines used in feed additives contain bio-organic substances. After long-term practice screening, they retain the essence of natural products that are beneficial to humans and animals. Even the toxic Chinese herbal medicines used to prevent and treat diseases are naturally weakened or eliminated by natural processing and scientific compatibility.
1.3 non-drug resistant
Drug resistance refers to the decrease or even disappearance of the sensitivity of the microorganisms and parasites after repeated contact with the drug, resulting in reduced or ineffective efficacy. The antibiotics and chemical synthetic drugs currently used have the drawbacks of causing drug resistance, especially in the case of long-term micro-addition in feed, which is more susceptible to drug resistance. Herbs in natural herbs are not resistant to chemicals due to their unique anti-microbial and parasitic mechanisms, and can be added for a long time. If used in combination with antibiotics, it also reduces or eliminates the side effects and synergism of the latter.
1.4 versatility
Chinese herbal medicine is a complex organism, its own multi-component, and reasonable combination, forming a unified and unified, unique pluripotency: (1) Nutrition: Chinese herbal medicines generally contain protein, amino acids, sugar, fat, starch, vitamins. Nutrients such as mineral trace elements, although most of them are low in content or even trace amounts, they can play a certain nutritional role and become the nutrients needed by the animal body; (2) enhance immunity: natural Polysaccharides, organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids and volatile oils in Chinese herbal medicines all have immune-enhancing effects; (3) Anti-microbial effects: Many Chinese herbal medicines have anti-bacterial and viral effects and are non-toxic. Advantages such as residue and drug resistance, as well as all positive factors of non-specific anti-microbial activity of the motive body, alleviate the characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms; (4) hormone-like effects: Chinese herbal medicine itself is not a hormone, but can play a hormone-like role, and It can alleviate, prevent or eliminate the side effects of exogenous hormones; (5) Vitamin-like effects: some Chinese herbal medicines themselves A vitamin-containing composition, but it can function as a role of vitamin; (6) bi-directional regulation: Some herbs having effects on organs of animals of a different functional states (hyperthyroidism or inhibiting) adjusting. That is, it can be adjusted to normal when it is hyperactive, and can be adjusted to excitement when it is suppressed. In addition, Chinese herbal medicines also have anti-stress and "adapted to the original"-like effects, complex effects and the like.
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