Soil testing and formula fertilization is one of the most effective agricultural practices to optimize nutrient management. This method involves analyzing the soil's nutrient content first, then applying fertilizers based on the specific needs of the crops. By doing so, farmers can avoid over-fertilization and ensure that nutrients are used efficiently. Compared to traditional fertilization methods, this approach has been shown to increase the yield of major food crops like rice, wheat, and corn by 6% to 10%. It also improves efficiency by more than 30 yuan per unit area. For economic crops, the benefits are even greater, with an increase of over 80 yuan per unit. According to agricultural statistics, in demonstration areas, the amount of fertilizer applied per mu (a Chinese unit of land) is reduced by 1 to 2 kg. As of 2012, the country had cut irrational fertilization by over 8.5 million tons, reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss by 6% to 30%, achieving significant savings in both costs and resources.
Another key strategy is promoting slow-release fertilizers. These are advanced fertilizers designed to release nutrients gradually over a long period, meeting the crop’s nutritional needs throughout the growing season. After years of field trials, the results have been impressive—yield increases of 10% on average, with some cases reaching up to 40%. Farmers also see a boost in economic returns, with income per mu increasing by an average of 120 yuan, and as high as 240 yuan in some cases.
The third approach is expanding the use of water-soluble fertilizers. These are multi-element compound fertilizers that dissolve completely in water, allowing for better absorption by plants. Compared to traditional fertilizers like superphosphate or granulated compound fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers are more efficient, with an absorption rate of 80% to 90%, which is over 100% higher than conventional options. Norwegian fertilizer expert Dr. Moran once noted that China has the second-largest irrigated land area globally, and it also uses the highest amount of fertilizer. Improving the efficiency of water and fertilizer use remains a critical challenge. In the 1960s, the U.S. significantly improved its fertilizer efficiency through large-scale adoption of water-soluble fertilizers.
By implementing these three strategies—soil testing, slow-release fertilizers, and water-soluble fertilizers—farmers can not only improve yields but also reduce environmental impact and save on input costs. These innovations are playing a crucial role in sustainable agriculture and ensuring long-term food security.
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