Pneumatic diaphragm pumps are a modern type of conveying equipment that utilize compressed air as their power source. They operate by moving a flexible diaphragm back and forth inside a cylinder, which enables the pump to transport various types of media efficiently. These pumps are particularly suitable for handling corrosive, granular, high-density, volatile, flammable, and highly toxic liquids.
The construction of these pumps includes different materials depending on the application. The housing can be made from aluminum, cast iron, or stainless steel, while the diaphragms are typically composed of NBR, neoprene, fluororubber, or PTFE, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of chemicals.
Internally, the pump consists of two symmetrical working chambers, each equipped with a flexible diaphragm connected by a rod. Compressed air enters through the inlet and is directed into the valve system, causing the diaphragms to move in sync. As one diaphragm moves forward, the other retracts, allowing the gas in the opposite chamber to escape. Once the stroke ends, the valve switches, directing air to the other side, creating a continuous reciprocating motion.
Each chamber is fitted with two check ball valves. The movement of the diaphragm changes the volume of the chamber, causing the valves to open and close alternately, thus enabling continuous suction and discharge of the liquid.
These pumps have a wide range of applications. They can handle various types of wastewater, chemical solutions, oils, sludge, grease, and even highly toxic, flammable, or volatile substances. They are also capable of transporting strong acids, alkalis, and high-temperature liquids up to 150°C. Additionally, they can serve as solid-liquid separation devices before pressure transmission systems.
Key features include a dry suction capability of up to 7 meters and a lift capacity of up to 50 meters, with an outlet pressure of up to 6 kgf/cm². They offer excellent flow properties, allowing particles up to 10 mm in diameter to pass through with minimal wear. The pump’s head and flow can be adjusted steplessly via the valve system, with pressure regulation up to 7 kgf/cm².
Unlike traditional pumps, there are no rotating parts or shaft seals, reducing maintenance needs. The diaphragms work independently, keeping the media completely separated from moving components, which prevents leaks and ensures safety. They do not require electricity, making them ideal for use in hazardous environments.
The pump can be submerged directly into the medium, functioning similarly to a submersible pump. It can be started or stopped simply by opening or closing the air valve. Even if it runs dry or stops suddenly, it will not be damaged. Overload protection is built-in, automatically shutting down when necessary and restarting once the issue is resolved.
With a simple design and fewer wearing parts, the pump is easy to install and maintain. The media does not come into contact with internal moving parts like valves or rods, reducing corrosion and wear. It can also transport more than just liquids, including semi-solids.
Lastly, the pump does not require oil lubrication, so it can run idle without any adverse effects. This makes it a reliable and versatile choice for many industrial applications.
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