Pneumatic diaphragm pumps are a modern and efficient type of fluid conveying equipment that use compressed air as their power source. These pumps operate by moving a flexible diaphragm back and forth inside a cylinder, which creates suction and discharge actions to transport various types of media. They are particularly suitable for handling corrosive, granular, high-density, volatile, flammable, and toxic liquids.
The construction materials used in these pumps include aluminum, cast iron, and stainless steel for the housing, while the diaphragms are typically made from NBR, neoprene, fluorinated rubber, or PTFE, depending on the application and the nature of the fluid being pumped.
The working principle involves two symmetrical chambers, each equipped with a flexible diaphragm connected by a rod. Compressed air enters through the inlet and activates the valves, causing the diaphragms to move synchronously. As one chamber fills with fluid, the other discharges it. The valve system automatically switches the direction of airflow once the diaphragm reaches the end of its stroke, enabling continuous reciprocation.
Each chamber is fitted with two check ball valves. As the diaphragm moves, the volume of the chamber changes, causing the valves to open and close alternately, allowing the pump to continuously draw in and push out the liquid.
These pumps have a wide range of applications, including pumping sewage, chemical solutions, oils, sludge, grease, highly toxic substances, flammable and volatile liquids, strong acids and bases, and even high-temperature fluids up to 150°C. They can also be used for solid-liquid separation before pressure transmission systems.
Key features of pneumatic diaphragm pumps include:
1. No need for priming, with a maximum suction lift of 7 meters and a discharge height of up to 50 meters, with an outlet pressure of up to 6 kgf/cm².
2. Excellent flow characteristics, capable of handling particles up to 10 mm in diameter, with minimal wear when pumping slurry or debris.
3. Stepless regulation of head and flow via the valve opening, with pressure adjustment up to 7 kgf/cm².
4. No rotating parts or shaft seals, ensuring that the pump’s moving components and the medium remain completely separated, preventing leaks and reducing environmental and safety risks.
5. Safe operation in explosive environments due to the absence of electrical power.
6. Can be submerged in the medium, functioning similarly to a submersible pump.
7. Easy to start and stop—just open or close the air valve. The pump is protected against damage even if no fluid is being pumped or if it stops suddenly.
8. Simple design with few wearing parts, making installation and maintenance straightforward. The medium does not come into contact with the valve or connecting rod, reducing corrosion and wear.
9. Capable of pumping both liquids and semi-solids.
10. No oil lubrication required, so the pump remains unaffected even during long periods of idling.
Overall, the pneumatic diaphragm pump is a versatile, reliable, and safe solution for a variety of industrial and commercial pumping needs.
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