The evaluation of security engineering enterprises encompasses more than just standards, norms, procedures, processes, methods, and work approaches; it also involves "policy" and "strategic considerations." At the same time, evaluators must be well-versed in the essence and characteristics of security projects, with their performance being the crux of the assessment work and the most critical factor. Drawing on past experiences and shortcomings, I would like to provide a concise explanation regarding the performance appraisal of security projects, hoping this will contribute to the qualification assessment of security engineering enterprises.
**I. Classification and Identification of Security Engineering Performance**
In the assessment process, accurately defining the performance of a security project requires us to first grasp the fundamental concepts and features of the security technology prevention system. Understanding the development trends and directions of the security system, as well as its connection with the building's weak current system, is essential.
A security prevention system refers to the application of products such as intrusion alarm systems, video surveillance systems, access control systems, explosive safety inspection systems, and parking lot (garage) management systems, among others, to maintain societal and public safety. These systems may also include electronic patrol systems or be integrated into a larger electronic system or network.
Key characteristics of a security technology prevention system include its ability to integrate specialized equipment and software with functions such as anti-intrusion, anti-theft, anti-robbery, and anti-explosion into an organic whole. This forms an IT network with detection, delay, and response capabilities, known as a security system. Security prevention is part of public safety and a branch of public safety science and technology. The security industry itself is a segment of the broader public security sector. In terms of preventive measures, security precautions typically involve three categories: human protection, physical (material) prevention, and technological prevention. The "security project" discussed here primarily refers to the security technology prevention system project.
With advancements in information technology and rising living standards, the current security system is moving toward digitization, intelligence, and networking. Integrated, intelligent, and coordinated security systems have seen significant progress. Network products (like network cameras and network video servers) are becoming the norm, with intelligence manifesting in several ways:
1) Alarm detection devices are reducing false alarms through various intelligent methods.
2) Biometric technologies are enhancing recognition accuracy.
3) Advanced techniques are overcoming the challenge of detecting explosives.
4) Infrared and Doppler radar are tracking specific targets.
5) Night vision systems are enabling nighttime surveillance.
6) GPS systems allow real-time vehicle monitoring, aiding in robbery and theft prevention.
7) The 3G system will assist in vehicle navigation and optimizing driving paths.
Building weak current systems refer to systems operating below AC 36V and 24V DC. Despite their lower voltage, weak current systems often require integration with strong electrical systems, as central equipment typically operates at 220V AC. Weak current systems primarily handle information, focusing on fidelity, speed, and reliability of data transmission. Common examples include CCTV monitoring, burglar alarms, access control, electronic patrols, parking management, video intercoms, home intelligence and security systems, music/broadcasting systems, LED displays, DLP large screens, building automation, fire protection, and more.
When assessing a security project’s performance, distinguishing between various systems is crucial. For instance:
1) Systems like information networks, integrated cabling, cable TV, metering, building controls, broadcasting, fire protection, video conferencing, and VOD do not align with security system characteristics and should not count as security project performance.
2) Installation of security sub-systems and equipment, especially monitoring, alarm, and access control systems, can qualify as performance if there are proper construction and installation contracts, along with design documents, construction plans, and acceptance reports.
3) Companies focused solely on security product sales or maintenance cannot claim project performance.
4) Single instances of design, consulting, or supervision for security projects cannot be counted as performance unless they involve substantial installations.
5) Individual user-end installations for networked alarm systems can be considered performance.
**II. Considerations for Security Project Performance Reviews**
Evaluating project completion data involves reviewing engineering contracts, equipment lists, design documents, construction plans, acceptance reports, and other relevant materials. Key areas of scrutiny include:
1) **Contract Review:** Verify the contract’s signatories and authenticity. Ensure the contract specifies construction and acceptance terms. Be cautious of subcontracts masquerading as general contracts.
2) **Equipment List Review:** Assess the authenticity and reasonableness of the equipment list. Scrutinize vague descriptions in contracts. For example, a weak project contract worth $5 million listing over $3 million for monitoring and parking systems is suspicious. Consulting design documents can help verify authenticity.
3) **Completion Acceptance Review:** Focus on acceptance reports or inspection reports. Partial projects can be accepted if they involve security components.
4) **Data Integrity:** Confirm the completeness and standardization of engineering documentation to validate project performance.
**III. Determination of Security Project Levels**
1) **Level 1 Projects:** High-risk or investment ≥ $1 million.
2) **Secondary Projects:** Medium-risk or investment ≥ $300,000 but < $1 million.
3) **Tertiary Projects:** Low-risk or investment < $300,000.
For specific sectors like cultural institutions and banks, risk levels and protection classifications follow respective guidelines (e.g., GA27, GA38). In practice, all six major security subsystems—video surveillance, access control, intrusion alarms, electronic inspections, parking management, and explosive safety—must be interconnected, and rare or new systems should be evaluated based on accurate definitions.
This approach ensures comprehensive and fair evaluations of security engineering enterprises.
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