Recently, as Tianjin is about to fully promote the use of "ethanol gasoline", the fuel ethanol industry has once again been pushed to the forefront. But Tianjin ’s promotion of ethanol gasoline is not unique. At present, 11 provinces including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Anhui, Guangxi, and Hebei have been promoting the use of ethanol gasoline for vehicles many years ago. But the use of ethanol gasoline has been tepid. In September 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration and other 15 ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Implementation Plan on Expanding Biofuel Ethanol Production and Promoting the Use of Automobile Ethanol Gasoline". By 2020, ethanol gasoline will be fully implemented nationwide , Basically achieve full coverage. It can be said that at this time, ethanol gasoline officially entered the "second season" --- comprehensive promotion stage.
1. Troubleshooting
Automobile "drinking" into the "second season" national promotion stage will open the curtain of energy restructuring, which will have a major impact on the petrochemical industry and the bioenergy industry. It also involves atmospheric environmental protection, supply-side structural reforms, food security, and agriculture. Major propositions such as turning straw into treasure. It is a major issue related to social development and natural environmental protection, which is related to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of farmers and hundreds of millions of car owners.
What is ethanol gasoline?
Ethanol gasoline is a mixed fuel formed by blending 90% common gasoline with 10% ethanol. It can reduce harmful substances such as particulate matter and carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust, prevent and control air pollution, and improve the environment. In the world where environmental protection is concerned and green water and green hills are promoted throughout China, the emergence of ethanol gasoline gives a breeze.
What is ethanol?
Ethanol is what people usually call alcohol. It is soluble in water, colorless and transparent, volatile and flammable. After burning, it has no smoke and no smell. Emissions in the form of water and carbon dioxide. Blending 10% ethanol in the finished oil is equivalent to reducing the exhaust emissions of gasoline after being burned by 10%. Effectively reduce pollution to the atmosphere.
Where does ethanol come from?
At present, ethanol used for fuel is mainly derived from grain and straw produced in nature. The method is mainly divided into two methods: biological enzyme fermentation and combined biological processing. Joint bioprocessing also uses the principle of biological enzymes, but applies modern scientific technology and saves a lot of production costs.
Where do the raw materials for ethanol production come from?
There are two kinds of raw materials for producing ethanol, one is food and the other is straw.
The grains that produce ethanol generally refer to grains that have expired in the national treasury. The state treasury buys a lot of grain every year, with the purpose of stabilizing grain prices and ensuring national grain security. Food that has not been eaten, cannot be used and has expired will produce aflatoxin and other harmful carcinogens, which can not be used for processing feed or processing food. Affect the purchase and storage of new grain. It accumulates year after year, and it becomes the boss of "eat without food". Faced with such a problem, the solution is to burn the grain-not simply burn it, but to scientifically process it into a clean new energy-ethanol, add it to the car, and burn it like high-efficiency gasoline. It not only solved the problem of expired grains, but also solved the problem of domestic energy shortage, and at the same time reduced the environmental pollution. It also stabilizes grain prices, which encourages farmers' enthusiasm for grain production.
Straw-like substances: mainly refers to the remaining crude fiber of corn cob and corn straw after extracting high-value “sugarsâ€. The processing of ethanol with this kind of crude fiber means turning waste into treasure and turning stone into gold. After the promotion and use of ethanol gasoline throughout the country, the demand for ethanol will be greatly increased. It is not enough to simply rely on expired grain from the state reserves as raw materials. Straw fiber has become the most effective supplemental alternative. In the case of poor grain harvest or low storage pressure in the national treasury, straw crude fiber is the most important source of ethanol raw materials. With the scientific method of digesting corncobs and corn stalks, farmers will no longer use in-situ incineration, heating and cooking to produce thick smoke, which not only increases farmers' income but also protects the environment.
Second, in-depth analysis
The use of ethanol gasoline not only helps agricultural and environmental protection, but also profoundly affects the world energy market, involving energy import and export, and international relations.
With the improvement of the living standards of Chinese residents and the rapid development of the economy, the production and sales of automobiles are growing rapidly, and the demand for refined oil is increasing. China is currently a major oil importing country. Petroleum is a non-renewable energy source. It will be less when it is harvested a little bit. If it continues to be harvested, it will one day be lighted. For China, which has a population of more than one billion, the protection and use of energy need to be extra cautious. In addition to increasing efforts to survey reserves, but also to carry out protective mining, if not enough, import from abroad. Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Angola and Oman are the top five importers of Chinese oil. In 2017, China spent 900 billion yuan in crude oil imports, and had no pricing power, spending an additional 2 billion US dollars. The production and use of ethanol gasoline can greatly reduce oil imports, reduce capital loss, and reduce dependence on overseas oil.
When China uses homegrown grains and straw to make gasoline substitutes, and promote their use throughout the country, China has more autonomy in energy issues and more confidence in WTO and diplomacy. This is a major event related to international status and national dignity.
The production and use of ethanol gasoline is the trend of supply-side structural reform. As an emerging energy industry, it has huge market potential. In 2017, China ’s apparent consumption of gasoline reached 120 million tons. If 10% fuel ethanol is added, It is expected that the consumption of fuel ethanol will reach at least 12 million tons in 2020. For quite a long time in the future, they will be in short supply. Increasing investment and expanding production can not only solve market demand from the perspective of supply, but also solve the reemployment of workers after the bankruptcy of overcapacity enterprises, making the industrial structure more reasonable.
Production is for consumption. Whether gas stations around the country actively respond to the use of ethanol gasoline has become a key issue for the smooth development of production. In the face of ethanol gasoline, a product conducive to national economy and people's livelihood, let ordinary consumers understand and accept the need process. Some cities and regions in China have tried for many years to use ethanol gasoline in a small area. It has been proved in practice that the power performance of using ethanol gasoline is basically unchanged without the engine modification.
In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee clearly pointed out: China's economy must allow the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and the government must play a macro-control role and must walk on two legs. The government's macro-control function must respect the decisive role of the market and regulate and control according to the laws of economic development. The promotion of ethanol gasoline is precisely the government's macro-control under the premise of respecting market laws.
Fifteen national ministries and commissions can collectively decide to promote the expansion and use of ethanol gasoline, which reflects the active actions and wise decisions of the central ministries and commissions under the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.
Relevant departments of the Tianjin Municipal Government were able to assess the situation and took the lead in the comprehensive promotion phase of the second quarter of ethanol gasoline promotion, showing sufficient responsibility.
The relevant person in charge of the Science and Technology Department of the National Energy Administration said that after more than ten years of development, China ’s biofuel ethanol industry has matured and stable production technology and technology of generation 1 and 1.5 using corn and cassava as raw materials. The advanced biofuel technology has met the conditions for industrial demonstration. The industry's overall technical equipment ranks among the advanced countries in the world, laying a foundation for the promotion of the use of automotive ethanol gasoline.
Shandong Province is a major agricultural province that mainly produces corn and wheat, and has abundant grain resources and straw resources for the production of ethanol. Shandong Longli Bioethanol Co., Ltd., located in Shandong, is a local leading enterprise in Yucheng, Dezhou. It has advanced technology and strong strength for ethanol production. It uses corncob waste residue after producing xylitol, xylooligosaccharides and other functional sugars to produce second-generation fuel ethanol. It has no competition for food with humans and animals, and no competition for land with grain and forests. It effectively reduces pollution caused by straw burning, and at the same time Increase farmers' incomes and promote green, environmental protection, energy saving and sustainable development.
Longli Bio started researching and developing cellulose ethanol production technology in 2005. The company's "Corncob Waste Residue Manufacturing Ethanol" project was included in the "High-tech Industrialization Demonstration Project" by the National Development and Reform Commission and won the second prize of the 2011 National Technology Invention Award prize. In May 2012, the company became the first domestic non-grain enterprise to produce fuel ethanol. Recently, Longli Biological has an annual output of 100,000 tons of fuel ethanol, has completed a feasibility study report, and is included in the Shandong Province New and Old Kinetic Energy Conversion Major Project Database.
Wu Ye, deputy dean of the School of Environmental Sciences of Tsinghua University, has done many experiments on the impact of fuel ethanol on the environment. He said that the United States, as the world ’s largest producer and consumer of biofuel ethanol, its many life cycle-based scientific research results show that , Ethanol using corn as a raw material to replace gasoline can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 20% -40%, while ethanol using cellulose as a raw material instead of gasoline can produce up to about 70% -80% of greenhouse gas emission reductions.
According to incomplete statistics, more than 40 countries and regions have promoted biofuel ethanol and vehicle ethanol gasoline, and consume about 600 million tons of ethanol gasoline annually, accounting for about 60% of the world's total gasoline consumption. At present, China's fuel ethanol production capacity is 3 million tons per year.
It can be said that the promotion of ethanol gasoline has officially entered the second quarter, and the use of ethanol gasoline has played an active role in environmental protection, energy strategy, agricultural development, farmers' income increase, and enterprise transformation. The development of ethanol gasoline benefits the country and the people. Imperative!
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